Absorption, transportation, and distribution of vitamin E homologs

Kiyose, Chikako

doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.016

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Very low-density lipoproteins such as TG-rich lipoprotein are synthesized in the liver [ 36 ]. The liver exports vitamin E to extrahepatic tissues through the secretion of VLDL [ 37 ]. In the circulatory system, VLDL is transformed into LDL, which becomes the primary transporter of vitamin E isomers to peripheral tissues [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Metabolic Characterization of Vitamin E Deficiency in Holstein Cows during the Transition Period Based on Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Song,

Wang,

Sun

et al. 2023

Animals

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Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant, is a necessary and complex micronutrient for cows. During the transition period, vitamin E deficiency (VED) is among the highest prevalent micronutrient deficits in dairy cows. It may eventually result in oxidative stress and immunological malfunction, and it increases the risk of peripartum disorders. At present, detailed data on blood metabolites in VED cows are limited. Consequently, the purpose of this research was to examine the alterations in the serum metabolic profile of VED cows throughout the early postpartum period. Using comprehensive 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), the alterations in serum metabolic activities of VED cows were analyzed. In total, 28 multiparous Holstein cows were assigned according to serum α-tocopherol (α-Toc) concentrations into normal (α-Toc ≥ 4 μg/mL, n = 14) and VED (α-Toc < 3 μg/mL, n = 14) groups at 21 days postpartum, and their blood samples were collected for biochemical and 1H NMR analyses. A t-test on independent samples as well as multivariate statistics were used to assess the findings. In comparison with normal cows, VED cows showed significantly worse body condition scores, milk yield, and dry matter intake (p < 0.05). Significantly higher levels of serum non-esterified fatty acids, aspartate aminotransferase, low-density lipoprotein, and malonaldehyde were found in VED-affected cows, as well as lesser concentrations of serum albumin, high-density lipoprotein, and total antioxidant capacity in comparison with normal cows (p < 0.01), while other vitamins and minerals concentrations showed no distinction between the groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, 24 upregulated serum metabolites were identified under VED conditions. The metabolomics pathway analysis of these metabolites demonstrated that a global metabolic response to VED in cows was represented by changes in 11 metabolic pathways, comprising energy, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism. From these results, we conclude that VED cows were more likely to experience a negative energy balance characterized by alterations of common systemic metabolic processes and develop oxidative stress, inflammation, and ultimately liver injury. This study provides the first evidence of metabolic changes in cows with VED.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Metabolic Characterization of Vitamin E Deficiency in Holstein Cows during the Transition Period Based on Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Song,

Wang,

Sun

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…This storage mechanism allows the body to access and utilize vitamin E when needed, contributing to its role in various physiological processes. Vitamin E homologs are primarily transported by very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) with α-tocopherol specifically recognized and transported by the α-tocopherol transfer protein in the liver [197]. VLDL is a type of lipoprotein that carries vitamin E, triglycerides, and cholesterol from the liver to various tissues in the human body.…”

Section: Transportation and Homeostasis Of Vitamin Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…VLDL is a type of lipoprotein that carries vitamin E, triglycerides, and cholesterol from the liver to various tissues in the human body. The liver plays a crucial role as a hub for the distribution of vitamin E homologs throughout the body [197].…”

Section: Transportation and Homeostasis Of Vitamin Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A, D, E, and K as Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/9 Regulators That Affect Expression and Enzymatic Activity

Vo,

Nguyen,

Kim

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, and K) assume a pivotal role in maintaining human homeostasis by virtue of their enzymatic functions. The daily inclusion of these vitamins is imperative to the upkeep of various physiological processes including vision, bone health, immunity, and protection against oxidative stress. Current research highlights fat-soluble vitamins as potential therapeutics for human diseases, especially cancer. Fat-soluble vitamins exert their therapeutic effects through multiple pathways, including regulation of matrix metalloproteinases’ (MMPs) expression and enzymatic activity. As MMPs have been reported to be involved in the pathology of various diseases, such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders, regulating the expression and/or activity of MMPs could be considered as a potent therapeutic strategy. Here, we summarize the properties of fat-soluble vitamins and their potential as promising candidates capable of effectively modulating MMPs through multiple pathways to treat human diseases.

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“…Several reviews and studies state that the uptake of CoQ10 occurs by a simple process of passive diffusion [2,9]. A combination of passive diffusion and receptor-mediated uptake is responsible for absorption of fatty acids [107], vitamin E [108], and cholesterol [109] in enterocytes. Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) plays an important role in uptake of dietary cholesterol; its disruption in mice results in a 50% decreased cholesterol absorption [109].…”

Section: Epithelial Cell Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small intestine epithelial cells express NPC1L1, a transport protein involved in cholesterol and vitamin E transport and metabolism (Figure 6a) [108,122,123]. Recent work has identified a role for NPC1L1 in the intestinal absorption of CoQ.…”

Section: Epithelial Cell Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights on the Uptake and Trafficking of Coenzyme Q

Guile,

Jain,

Anderson

et al. 2023

Antioxidants

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Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential lipid with many cellular functions, such as electron transport for cellular respiration, antioxidant protection, redox homeostasis, and ferroptosis suppression. Deficiencies in CoQ due to aging, genetic disease, or medication can be ameliorated by high-dose supplementation. As such, an understanding of the uptake and transport of CoQ may inform methods of clinical use and identify how to better treat deficiency. Here, we review what is known about the cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of CoQ from yeast, mammalian cell culture, and rodent models, as well as its absorption at the organism level. We discuss the use of these model organisms to probe the mechanisms of uptake and distribution. The literature indicates that CoQ uptake and distribution are multifaceted processes likely to have redundancies in its transport, utilizing the endomembrane system and newly identified proteins that function as lipid transporters. Impairment of the trafficking of either endogenous or exogenous CoQ exerts profound effects on metabolism and stress response. This review also highlights significant gaps in our knowledge of how CoQ is distributed within the cell and suggests future directions of research to better understand this process.

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Absorption, transportation, and distribution of vitamin E homologs

Cited by 12 publications

References 147 publications

Serum Metabolic Characterization of Vitamin E Deficiency in Holstein Cows during the Transition Period Based on Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Serum Metabolic Characterization of Vitamin E Deficiency in Holstein Cows during the Transition Period Based on Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Vitamin A, D, E, and K as Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/9 Regulators That Affect Expression and Enzymatic Activity

New Insights on the Uptake and Trafficking of Coenzyme Q

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