Abstract 14055: Impact of a Boxed Meal Facilitated Plant-based Diet on Cardiometabolic Endpoints: A Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background: Plant-based diets (PBD) are increasingly recommended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Boxed meal-delivery services are a growing market facilitating consumer convenience; however, their effects on health require further study. We compared cardiometabolic changes between a boxed meal facilitated PBD (f-PBD) and Standard Omnivorous Diet (f-SOD). Methods: A prospective, controlled, parallel-designed trial assessing the impact of a f-PBD (n=16) to a f-SOD (n=16) on cardiometabolic endpoints was conducted in military beneficiaries. Participants with a BMI >25 kg/m 2 consuming a standard omnivorous diet volunteered to adopt a f-PBD or f-SOD for a 4-week period. Participants had the option to consume breakfast and lunch according to their adopted diet at the military dining facility. Dinner was facilitated by shipping a commercially available plant-based or standard omnivorous boxed meal kit to participants as appropriate. Lipid parameters were monitored at baseline and at 4 weeks. Weight, blood pressure (BP) and other clinical endpoints were assessed weekly. The primary endpoints were change from baseline at 4 weeks in calculated low-density lipoproteins (LDL-c) and weight. A student’s t-test was performed to assess differences between groups using the intention-to-treat methodology. Results: A total of 32 participants were enrolled in the f-PBD and f-SOD groups. Average age of participants was 33.3±7.8 years, BMI was 29.6±3.5 kg/m 2 and 50% were male. Change in LDL-c from baseline in the f-PBD and f-SOD groups were -9.41±21.7 mg/dl and +5.63±15.9 mg/dl, respectively (p=0.033). The change in weight from baseline in the f-PBD and f-SOD groups were -3.82±4.4 pounds and +0.87±2.7 pounds, respectively (p=0.001). Systolic BP decreased non-significantly in the f-PBD group (-4.88±5.4 mmHg vs -0.38±9.2 mmHg for f-PBD and f-SOD, respectively, p=0.103). Conclusion: Incorporating a meal-delivery f-PBD significantly reduced LDL-c and weight over a 4-week period. Plant-based meal kits could serve as a novel dietary intervention in the optimization of cardiovascular disease burden.