Abstract 184: Adenylate Cyclase Type 9 Promotes Atherosclerosis in Mice

Abstract

Polymorphisms in the ADCY9 gene, coding for adenylate cyclase type 9, determine atherosclerotic cardiovascular responses to the CETP inhibitor dalcetrapib in patients. ADCY9 is broadly expressed and involved in various immune cell functions and inflammatory responses. Our objective is to determine the role of ADCY9 in the development of atherosclerosis in the absence of CETP. We used 8-12 week-old wild-type (WT, n=25) or Adcy9 -inactivated ( Adcy9 Gt , n=21) male mice. To induce hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, mice were infected with an adeno-associated virus coding for a gain-of-function mutant of Pcsk9 ( Pcsk9 D377Y ) and were fed an atherogenic high-cholesterol diet for 16 weeks in absence or presence of dalcetrapib treatment (200 mg/kg/day). Percent atherosclerotic lesion area (PALA) in the whole aorta was quantified using en face Oil Red O plaque staining. We used VCAM-1 immunofluorescence staining (n=6 per group) in atherosclerotic lesions of the aortic root to quantify inflammation. We also measured aortic root accumulation of macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells by immunofluorescence imaging of CD68 and smooth muscle actin (SMA), respectively, in plaque lesions. We also quantified blood leukocytes in normocholesterolemic WT and Adcy9 Gt mice by flow cytometry analysis of CD45 + cells. In hypercholesterolemic animals, Adcy9 Gt mice showed a 60% decrease in atherosclerotic lesions (PALA: 2.7±0.5%) compared to WT mice (6.5±0.7%, P<0.01). Dalcetrapib treatment, in these mice without CETP, did not modify significantly the reduction (63%) of PALA in Adcy9 Gt mice (2.9±0.4%) compared to WT (7.6±1.6%, P<0.01). Macrophage content was reduced by 55% from 17.8±2.8% in WT to 7.2%±1.9% in Adcy9 Gt mice (P<0.05), while SMA staining was similar. VCAM-1 expression also tended to be decreased, from 5.7±3.3% in WT to 2.0±0.4% in Adcy9 Gt mice (P=0.0598). CD45 + blood leukocytes were reduced by 35.4% in Adcy9 Gt compared to WT normocholesterolemic mice (P<0.01). Adcy9 inactivation in mice (without CETP) results in large reductions of atherosclerosis and plaque macrophage and in decreased VCAM-1 expression. These results support the ADCY9 genotype-dependent clinical effects of dalcetrapib.