Abundance and characteristics of microfibers detected in sediment trap material from the deep subtropical North Atlantic Ocean

Reineccius, Janika; Appelt, Jana-Sophie; Hinrichs, Theda; Kaiser, David; Stern, Judith S.; Prien, Ralf D.; Waniek, Joanna J

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140354

Cited by 56 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…At the very beginning, superdiffusion takes place with ν > 2, which may be related to autocorrelation in the flow, but we will iterate on this question when comparing different settling velocities. Around t = 1 day, the evolution seems to become consistent with normal diffusion (ν = 1), usual after initial transients in oceanic turbulence (Berloff and McWilliams, 2002;Reynolds, 2002). However, around t = 4.5 days, we can observe a crossover to ballistic dispersion (ν = 2).…”

Section: Transient Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…7b. One evident novel feature is a subdiffusive regime during the transient from the initial superdiffusion (as in the case of horizontal tracer dispersion in the ocean studied by Berloff and McWilliams (2002); Reynolds (2002)). Approximate normal diffusion is then observed until t = 10 days, when a crossover to a faster dispersion does seem to take place, see the inset.…”

Section: According Tomentioning

confidence: 98%

“…There are different classes of microplastic particles denser than seawater. For example, dense synthetic microfibers have been found to strongly dominate in sediment samples far from the coast (Woodall et al, 2014;Fischer et al, 2015;Bergmann et al, 2017;Martin et al, 2017;Peng et al, 2018), and have been detected in large proportions in deep-water samples and sediment traps in the open sea as well (Bagaev et al, 2017;Kanhai et al, 2018;Peng et al, 2018;Reineccius et al, 2020). Mostly originating from land-based sources (Dris et al, 2016;Carr, 2017;Gago et al, 2018;Wright et al, 2020), it is not obvious to explain their abundance on abyssal oceanic plains (Kane and Clare, 2019).…”

Section: Types Of Microplastics In the Water Columnmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sinking microplastics in the water column: simulations in the Mediterranean Sea

Fuente¹,

Drótos²,

Hernández-Garcı́a³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. We study the vertical dispersion and distribution of negatively buoyant rigid microplastics within a realistic circulation model of the Mediterranean sea. We first propose an equation describing their idealized dynamics. In that framework, we evaluate the importance of some relevant physical effects: inertia, Coriolis force, small-scale turbulence and variable seawater density, and bound the relative error of simplifying the dynamics to a constant sinking velocity added to a large-scale velocity field. We then calculate the amount and vertical distribution of microplastic particles on the water column of the open ocean if their release from the sea surface is continuous at rates compatible with observations in the Mediterranean. The vertical distribution is found to be almost uniform with depth for the majority of our parameter range. Transient distributions from flash releases reveal a non-Gaussian character of the dispersion and various diffusion laws, both normal and anomalous. The origin of these behaviors is explored in terms of horizontal and vertical flow organization.

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Section: Transient Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: According Tomentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Types Of Microplastics In the Water Columnmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sinking microplastics in the water column: simulations in the Mediterranean Sea

Fuente¹,

Drótos²,

Hernández-Garcı́a³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are different classes of microplastic particles denser than seawater. For example, dense synthetic microfibers have been found to strongly dominate in sediment samples far from the coast (Woodall et al, 2014;Fischer et al, 2015;Bergmann et al, 2017;Martin et al, 2017;Peng et al, 2018) and have been detected in large proportions in deep-water samples and sediment traps in the open sea as well (Bagaev et al, 2017;Kanhai et al, 2018;Peng et al, 2018;Reineccius et al, 2020). With these mostly originating from landbased sources (Dris et al, 2016;Carr, 2017;Gago et al, 2018;Wright et al, 2020), it is not obvious to explain their abundance on abyssal oceanic plains (Kane and Clare, 2019).…”

Section: Types Of Microplastics In the Water Columnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinking microplastics in the water column: simulations in the Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. We study the vertical dispersion and distribution of negatively buoyant rigid microplastics within a realistic circulation model of the Mediterranean sea. We first propose an equation describing their idealized dynamics. In that framework, we evaluate the importance of some relevant physical effects (inertia, Coriolis force, small-scale turbulence and variable seawater density), and we bound the relative error of simplifying the dynamics to a constant sinking velocity added to a large-scale velocity field. We then calculate the amount and vertical distribution of microplastic particles on the water column of the open ocean if their release from the sea surface is continuous at rates compatible with observations in the Mediterranean. The vertical distribution is found to be almost uniform with depth for the majority of our parameter range. Transient distributions from flash releases reveal a non-Gaussian character of the dispersion and various diffusion laws, both normal and anomalous. The origin of these behaviors is explored in terms of horizontal and vertical flow organization.

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“…Second, evidence suggests that microbeads from cosmetics and detergents are not to blame for the largest amount of microplastics emitted to seas (Duis and Coors, 2016). Instead, evidence suggests that plastic microfibres of diverse compositions and sources (Table 1.1 and 1.2) rank first in frequency among microplastics in the environment (air (Dris et al, 2016), soil (Wang et al, 2020a), sea (Reineccius et al, 2020), freshwater (Valine et al, 2020), fauna (Carlin et al, 2020), and overall (Xu et al, 2020)). Although not unique, the largest source of plastic microfibers in the environment is wastewater treatment and sludge disposal (see section 1.3, and Chapter 4).…”

Section: Implications and Recommendations For Policymakers And Land Managersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of tests for microplastic detection in soil

Santander¹,

Alfonso²

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China 20 Plastic mulch Sludge Flotation (NaCl) Visual sorting & μ-FTIR 78 ±13 63 ±13 PP PE PET * Polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), polybutylene (PB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyurethane (PUR). ** The 'visual sorting' test requires a stereomicroscope to look for microplastics. 1 Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. 2 Ding et al. (2020) did the visual sorting with a metallographic microscope. 3 Transmission electronic microscopy. 4 Pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.

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Abundance and characteristics of microfibers detected in sediment trap material from the deep subtropical North Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 56 publications

References 80 publications

Sinking microplastics in the water column: simulations in the Mediterranean Sea

Sinking microplastics in the water column: simulations in the Mediterranean Sea

Sinking microplastics in the water column: simulations in the Mediterranean Sea

Development and application of tests for microplastic detection in soil

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