Abundance and chemical characterization of extracellular carbohydrates released by the marine diatom<i>Cylindrotheca fusiformis</i>under N- and P-limitation

Magaletti, Erika; Urbani, Ranieri; Sist, Paola; Ferrari, Carla Rita; Cicero, Anna Maria

doi:10.1080/0967026042000202118

Cited by 110 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This has been shown for benthic diatoms, whose extracellular carbohydrate production has been extensively studied over the last few years (Underwood & Paterson, 2003;Bellinger et al, 2005Bellinger et al, , 2009Abdullahi et al, 2006). Monosaccharides commonly found in extracellular carbohydrates released by marine phytoplankton include aldohexoses (glucose, galactose and mannose), aldopentoses (arabinose and xylose), deoxysugars (fucose and rhamnose), uronic acids (glucuronic acid) and amino sugars (Aluwihare et al, 1997;Biersmith & Benner, 1998;Aluwihare & Repeta, 1999;Magaletti et al, 2004;Kragh & Søndergaard, 2009). The monosaccharide composition of the surface ocean is similar to the monosaccharide composition of phytoplankton extracellular release, indicating that phytoplankton are a major source of Bars show mean + SD (n = 3 replicate cultures).…”

Section: Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Thornton

2014

European Journal of Phycology

365

311

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The partitioning of organic matter (OM) between dissolved and particulate phases is an important factor in determining the fate of organic carbon in the ocean. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton is a ubiquitous process, resulting in 2-50% of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis leaving the cell. This loss can be divided into two components: passive leakage by diffusion across the cell membrane and the active exudation of DOM into the surrounding environment. At present there is no method to distinguish whether DOM is released via leakage or exudation. Most explanations for exudation remain hypothetical; as while DOM release has been measured extensively, there has been relatively little work to determine why DOM is released. Further research is needed to determine the composition of the DOM released by phytoplankton and to link composition to phytoplankton physiological status and environmental conditions. For example, the causes and physiology of phytoplankton cell death are poorly understood, though cell death increases membrane permeability and presumably DOM release. Recent work has shown that phytoplankton interactions with bacteria are important in determining both the amount and composition of the DOM released. In response to increasing CO 2 in the atmosphere, climate change is creating increasingly stressful conditions for phytoplankton in the surface ocean, including relatively warm water, low pH, low nutrient supply and high light. As ocean physics and chemistry change, it is hypothesized that a greater proportion of primary production will be released directly by phytoplankton into the water as DOM. Changes in the partitioning of primary production between the dissolved and particulate phases will have bottom-up effects on ecosystem structure and function. There is a need for research to determine how these changes affect the fate of organic matter in the ocean, particularly the efficiency of the biological carbon pump.

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Section: Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Thornton

2014

European Journal of Phycology

365

311

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“…Although the excretion of photosynthetic compounds is recognised as the major source of carbohydrates in seawater [10], so far there are not many papers reporting on the molecular composition of carbohydrates in the exudates from diatom cultures [see for examples [6][7]10,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. The molecular-level characterization of dissolved polysaccharides may provide basic information on the origin, the bioreactivity and the fate of these biopolymers.…”

Section: Gas-chromatography Of Alditol Acetates Of Neutral Monosacchamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cold ethanol, isopranol or acetone are often used and added to the cell-free supernatant of cultures or filtered samples in an appropriate volume to volume ratio (about 4:1). The precipitate is usually re-dissolved in pure water and the solution dialysed exhaustively against EDTA (0.01-0.1 M) and Milli-Q water [6,7,20,21] The precipitation/re-dissolution treatment is commonly performed threefour times depending on the purity to be achieved.…”

Section: Isolation Purification and Separation By Ultra-filtration Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical characterization of diatom extracellular polymer substance (EPS) isolated from laboratory cultures revealed that EPS are predominantly heteropolysaccharides that contain substantial amounts of uronic acid and sulphate residues [4][5][6][7]. There are of course other substances derived by disruption or decay of algal cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results are very important in order to understand the role of algal exudation in the aggregation processes observed in all of the seas and in general in carbon cycling in the euphotic zone. Many authors showed that cultured diatoms growth in P-limiting condition determines an increase of polysaccharides exudated by different diatoms species [4,6,7,11,12,15,17,18] both pelagic and benthic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ amperometric characterization of an aggregating system in terms of molecular adsorption and single microparticle interactions at the electrode interface is demonstrated using a model system: alginate/Ca(II) in an aqueous electrolyte solution. Recording of chronoamperometric curves of oxygen reduction at the dropping mercury electrode is designed for detection of dip-shaped signals of individual gel microparticles. By addition of Ca(II) decrease of alginate adsorption is accompanied by appearance of signals indicating vesicle type association of alginate molecules and microparticles of gel phase. AFM imaging provided evidence of initial stage in calcium alginate gel formation.

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Abundance and chemical characterization of extracellular carbohydrates released by the marine diatomCylindrotheca fusiformisunder N- and P-limitation

Cited by 110 publications

References 49 publications

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Diatom Polysaccharides: Extracellular Production, Isolation and Molecular Characterization

In Situ Amperometric Detection of Vesicles and Microgel Phases in an Aggregating System: Calcium Alginate

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