Abundance and Distribution of Western and Northern Corn Rootworm (&lt;I&gt;Diabrotica&lt;/I&gt; spp.) and Prevalence of Rotation Resistance in Eastern Iowa

Dunbar, Michael Wilson; Gassmann, Aaron J.

doi:10.1603/ec11291

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Each plot (i.e., treatment within a block) had four rows of maize that were 6.1 m long. Modified Illinois style emergence cages, as described in Dunbar and Gassmann (), were used to collect adult beetles that emerged from a maize plant. Emergence cages (76.2 × 38.1 × 12 cm) were constructed of a wooden frame with an open bottom, but a top covered with fine wire mesh (2 × 2 mm) and the four walls of the frame were reinforced with steel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Cry3Bb1‐resistant western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Bt maize and soil insecticide

Shrestha

Jakka

Gassmann

2018

J Applied Entomology

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Cry3Bb1‐resistant western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is abundant and widely distributed in Iowa. Possible options for management of Cry3Bb1‐resistant populations may include planting of Cry34/35Ab1 maize, maize pyramided with Cry3Bb1 and Cry34/35Ab1 and application of soil‐applied insecticide to either Bt maize or maize that lacks a Bt trait targeting corn rootworm. However, empirical evidence is lacking about how these tactics will affect root injury to maize and survival of this pest to adulthood. We conducted a 2‐year field experiment, in fields known to harbour Cry3Bb1‐resistant western corn rootworm, and quantified the effects of five maize hybrids with and without soil‐applied insecticide, measuring emergence of adults and root injury. Maize with Cry34/35Ab1, both alone or pyramid with Cry3Bb1, significantly reduced the number of adults and the level of root injury, indicating that it was a useful tool for the mitigation of Cry3Bb1‐resistant rootworm. An application of soil insecticide reduced the level of adult emergence and root injury in non‐Bt maize and Cry3Bb1 maize. However, it did not provide any additional reduction in adult emergence or root injury when applied to Cry34/35Ab1 maize or pyramid maize. Both adult emergence and root injury were similar between soil insecticide applied to non‐Bt maize and Cry3Bb1 maize. Our results indicate that useful strategies to manage Cry3Bb1‐resistant rootworm include Cry34/35Ab1 maize, either alone or in a pyramid, and soil insecticide applied to maize lacking a rootworm active Bt toxin, in addition to other IPM practices such as crop rotation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Cry3Bb1‐resistant western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Bt maize and soil insecticide

Shrestha

Jakka

Gassmann

2018

J Applied Entomology

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“…The Bt susceptible strain of western corn rootworm had been reared on non-Bt corn at USDA-ARS North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory (Brookings, SD) since 1987 (Kim et al 2007). Control fields were not checked for rotation-resistant western corn rootworm because past research indicates that this rootworm variant is extremely rare in central Iowa (Dunbar and Gassmann 2013). In 2012, three problem-field populations and one control-field population were evaluated, and in 2013, two problem-field populations, and one control-field population were evaluated (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Based Assessment of Resistance to Bt Corn by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Shrestha¹,

Jakka²,

French³

et al. 2016

J Econ Entomol

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Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is a serious pest of corn and is managed with corn that produces insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Beginning in 2009, resistance to Cry3Bb1 corn, and severe injury to Cry3Bb1 corn in the field, was observed in Iowa. However, few data exist on how Cry3Bb1-resistant western corn rootworm interact with various management practices in the field. Using a field experiment, we measured adult emergence and feeding injury to corn roots for both Cry3Bb1-resistant and Cry3Bb1-susceptible populations of western corn rootworm when tested against various Bt corn hybrids and a soil-applied insecticide. Between 2012 and 2013, we evaluated five fields that were associated with greater than one node of feeding injury to Cry3Bb1 corn by western corn rootworm (i.e., problem-field populations), and a laboratory strain that had never been exposed to Bt corn (i.e., control population). Adult emergence for western corn rootworm and root injury to corn were significantly higher in problem-field populations than control populations for both Cry3Bb1 corn and mCry3A corn. By contrast, corn with Cry34/35Ab1, either alone or pyramided with Cry3Bb1, significantly reduced adult emergence and root injury in both problem fields and control fields. In problem fields, application of the soil-applied insecticide to Cry3Bb1 corn significantly reduced root injury, but not adult emergence. Our results are discussed in terms of developing strategies for managing western corn rootworm with resistance to Cry3Bb1 and mCry3A, and delaying the additional evolution of Bt resistance by this pest. KeywordsDiabrotica virgifera virgifera, Bt corn, cross-resistance, insect resistance management Disciplines Agronomy and Crop Sciences | Ecology and Evolutionary Biology | Entomology | Plant Breeding and Genetics CommentsThis article is published as Shrestha, Ram B., Siva RK Jakka, B. Wade French, and Aaron J. Gassmann. "Fieldbased assessment of resistance to Bt corn by western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Journal of economic entomology 109, no. 3 (2016): 1399-1409. doi: 10.1093/jee/tow087. Posted with permission. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted.

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“…In recent years, the region in which rotation resistance is a problem appears to have receded (e.g., [16]). This may be related to the commercialization of rootworm-targeting transgenic corn expressing various insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).…”

Section: Spread Of Resistance Among Existing Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of dispersal in resistance evolution and spread

Miller

Sappington

2017

Current Opinion in Insect Science

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Gene flow via immigration affects rate of evolution of resistance to a pest management tactic, while emigration from a resistant population can spread resistance alleles spatially. Whether resistance detected across the landscape reflects ongoing de novo evolution in different hotspots or spread from a single focal population can determine the most effective mitigation strategy. Pest dispersal dynamics determine the spatio-temporal scale at which mitigation tactics must be applied to contain or reverse resistance in an area. Independent evolution of resistance in different populations appears common but not universal. Conversely, spatial spread appears to be almost inevitable. However, rate and scale of spread depends largely on dispersal dynamics and interplay with factors such as fitness costs, spatially variable selection pressure and whether resistance alleles are spreading through an established population or being carried by populations colonizing new territory. Disciplines Ecology and Evolutionary Biology | Entomology | Genetics CommentsThis article is published as Miller, Nicholas J. and Thomas W. Sappington. "Role of dispersal in resistance evolution and spread." Current opinion in insect science 21 (2017): 68-74.

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Abundance and Distribution of Western and Northern Corn Rootworm (<I>Diabrotica</I> spp.) and Prevalence of Rotation Resistance in Eastern Iowa

Cited by 28 publications

References 48 publications

Response of Cry3Bb1‐resistant western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Bt maize and soil insecticide

Response of Cry3Bb1‐resistant western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Bt maize and soil insecticide

Field-Based Assessment of Resistance to Bt Corn by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Role of dispersal in resistance evolution and spread

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