Abundance, composition and natural infection of Anopheles mosquitoes from two malaria-endemic regions of Colombia

Montoya, Carolina; Bascuñán, Priscila; Rodríguez-Zabala, Julián; Correa, Margarita M.

doi:10.7705/biomedica.v37i0.3553

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…73 The former two also have the highest prevalence of human bites. 74 Ideal larval habitats for these 2 species are slow-flowing streams or rivers with submerged vegetation, and gold mine dugouts (Figure 4) and turbid polluted water bodies that are sun-exposed, suggesting good adaptation to altered deforested environments. 73,75,76…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Disarmament is the New War, Gold is the New Opium, and Ecohealth is the Historic Victim

Villar

Schaeffer

2019

Environ�Health�Insights

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In Colombia, the convergence of drug trafficking, illegal armed groups, and gold production and trade threatens peace and stability in the post-FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) era, as had the narcotics trade previously. Armed groups and criminal organizations have increased and consolidated their influence over illegal mining and may be diverting US$5 billion from Colombia’s annual economy. As of 2014, 46% of the total area (78 939 ha) exploited for alluvial gold was in the Afro-Colombian Pacific States, in which unregulated mining was the main driver of deforestation. The informal job market represents 49% of the workforce and absent other economic alternatives, this workforce of ex-guerrillas, organized crime groups and corrupt officials will sustain the black markets that permeate gold mining. Human health consequences of unregulated gold mining are largely unrecognized, but include the spread of malaria and other insect-borne diseases, and we suggest diseases such as babesiosis.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Disarmament is the New War, Gold is the New Opium, and Ecohealth is the Historic Victim

Villar

Schaeffer

2019

Environ�Health�Insights

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“…Localities (denoted by yellow dots) where the primary malaria vector Nyssorhynchus darlingi has been reported infected with Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium falciparum incriminated by molecular methods during 2005 to 2017[8,35,59,60,73,80,[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103]. Map made in Google Earth Pro[83,84].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Transmission in South America—Present Status and Prospects for Elimination

Conn¹,

Grillet²,

Correa³

et al. 2018

Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward

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Four countries (Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela) together contributed ~80% of the 875,000 malaria cases reported in the Latin American region (2016). During the 10-year period (2005-2015) when global malaria incidence was dramatically reduced, Brazil and Colombia were an integral part of this trend, on track to meet the mid-term 2020 goal established by the World Health Organization. In Colombia, since 2015 at the cessation of a five-year globally funded malaria program, both incidence and proportion of Plasmodium falciparum infections have increased, mainly due to the budget constraints. Similarly, despite a strong record and major recognition for reducing malaria, in 2017, Brazil has seen a resurgence of malaria cases, but no increase in the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum to P. vivax. A globally funded malaria control program in Peru from 2005 to 2010 resulted in appreciable reduction in the annual parasitic incidence down to 1/1000 by 2011-2012, but soon after, the annual malaria incidence began to rise and by the end of 2017, there were 53,261 reported cases. To add to Venezuela's political and financial woes, malaria continues to increase, such that, 300,189 cases were reported by the end of week 42, 2017. The only rational pathway to malaria elimination is sustained nation-level financial support that does not fall prey to political vicissitudes.

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“…The abundance and human feeding preference are among the main characteristics that de ne a mosquito species as an effective mosquito vector [42]. Nevertheless, the composition and frequency of mosquito species vary between sampling sites and seasons, making it even more pressing the need for a constant monitoring to better understand these parameters [42,43]. In this study we analyzed the abundance, number of species, intra and peridomicile biting preference and, the natural infection and Plasmodium genotype in Anopheles mosquitoes.…”

Section: Biting Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…albimanus was the most dominant species in four out of the ve sampled sites. This species is described as predominantly exophagic, with preference for animals and with hematophagy occurring during the entire night [43]. In Panama, An.…”

Section: Biting Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, it has also been reported that an increase in density can be observed on the transition periods between the dry and rainy seasons [57,58]. However, it has been proposed that the changes in vector density not only depends on the aforementioned factors but rather it responds to an interaction between the availability of breeding sites, the levels of water sources and other environmental variables [43].…”

Section: Biting Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Malaria Infection in Anopheline Vectors and Their Incrimination in Local Malaria Transmission in Darién, Panama

Torres-Cosme

Rigg

Santamaría

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundMore than 85% of the malaria cases in Panama occur in characteristically poor, rural and indigenous regions like Darien Province. Vector diversity, vector infection rate and spatial distribution are important entomological parameters of malaria transmission dynamics. Their understanding is crucial for the development of effective disease control strategies. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of Anopheles species, their natural infection rate and their geographic distribution to better understand the malaria transmission dynamics in Darién, Panama.MethodsAnopheline mosquitoes were captured during the rainy and dry season of 2016. We selected five communities where adult anophelines were collected using CDC light-traps, and through protective human-baited traps. Detection of natural infection and Plasmodium genotype in collected mosquitoes were detected via nested PCR through the amplification of Plasmodium 18s rRNA and the circumsporozoite protein gene, respectively.ResultsA total of 1,063 mosquitoes were collected, and nine Anopheline species were identified, with the predominant species being: An. (Nys.) darlingi (45.0%) and An. (Nys.) albimanus (42.6%). Among these mosquitoes, An. (Nys.) albimanus has historically presented an elevated frequency and abundance in all Panamanian regions. Natural infection with P. vivax was detected in a mosquito pool from the community Pueblo Tortuga (0.6%), three mosquito pools from Marraganti (1.7%), two pools from Bajo Chiquito (1.1%) and three pools from Alto Playona (1.7%). For An. (Nys.) darlingi mosquitoes, we detected seven positive pools from the community Bajo Chiquito (4.0%), two pools from Marraganti (1.1%) and two pools from Alto Playona (1.1%). This study was able to detect the P. vivax allelic variant VK210 in infected mosquitoes.ConclusionThe results from this study provide new information on the transmission dynamics associated with anopheline vectors in the Darién region. This is the first report of natural P. vivax infection in An. (Nys.) darlingi and its incrimination as a potential malaria vector in Panama. Additional studies are necessary to expand our knowledge and determine crucial parameters in malaria transmission in Darién, which in turn will aid the National Malaria Program in attaining an adequate malaria control strategy towards malaria elimination.

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Abundance, composition and natural infection of Anopheles mosquitoes from two malaria-endemic regions of Colombia

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Disarmament is the New War, Gold is the New Opium, and Ecohealth is the Historic Victim

Disarmament is the New War, Gold is the New Opium, and Ecohealth is the Historic Victim

Malaria Transmission in South America—Present Status and Prospects for Elimination

Natural Malaria Infection in Anopheline Vectors and Their Incrimination in Local Malaria Transmission in Darién, Panama

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