Abundances of the Elements

Sueß, Hans E.; Urey, Harold C.

doi:10.1103/revmodphys.28.53

Cited by 735 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The classical abundance papers by e.g., Goldschmidt 1937, Brown 1949, and Suess & Urey 1956 used elemental analyses of silicates, metal, and sulfides from different chondrites and assumed some representative proportion of metal, silicate, and sulfides to come up with a meteoritic abundance standard.…”

Section: Meteorites As Abundance Standards For Non-volatile Solar Sysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar System Abundances of the Elements

Lodders

2010

Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings

286

176

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Summary. Representative abundances of the chemical elements for use as a solar abundance standard in astronomical and planetary studies are summarized. Updated abundance tables for solar system abundances based on meteorites and photospheric measurements are presented.Keywords: solar system abundances, solar photosphere, meteorites, CI chondrites Motivations to Study Solar System Elemental AbundancesThe investigations of what chemical elements exist in nature and in which quantities have a long history. The determination of elemental abundances in various celestial objects is still a very active field in astronomy, planetary science, and meteoritics. There are multiple motivations for studying the solar system abundances of the chemical elements. One reason to study this overall composition of the solar system is to understand how the diversity of planetary compositions, including that of our home planet, can be explained, since all planets in the solar system share a common origin from the material of the protosolar disk (the solar nebula).The composition of the sun determines how the sun works and evolves over time, as composition influences the interior structure of the sun. Although the Sun is mainly composed of H and He, other heavy elements such as C, N, O, Ne, Fe, etc., are important opacity sources that influence the energy transport out of the sun through radiation and convection. The sun is a typical main sequence dwarf star and its composition is a useful baseline for comparison to abundances in other dwarf stars and to changes that appear in advanced stages of stellar evolution. For example, relative to the sun's composition, red giant stars show observable abundance variations that are the result of nucleosynthesis operating in giant stars, and these products have been dredged up from stellar interiors to the stellar exteriors. 3The solar system abundances are a useful local galactic abundance standard because many nearby dwarf stars are similar in composition; however, in detail there are some stochastic abundance variations (e.g., Edvardsson et al. 1993, Nordstrom et al. 2004, Reddy et al. 2003, 2006. The term "cosmic" abundances should be avoided because abundances generally decrease with galactocentric distance. There are also abundance differences between our galaxy and galaxies at high red-shift; hence there is no generic "cosmic" composition that applies to all cosmic systems.Finally, solar abundances are a critical test of nucleosynthesis models and models of Galactic chemical evolution. Ideally, such models should quantitatively explain the elemental and nuclide distributions of solar system matter.The sun has the most mass (>99%) of the solar system objects and therefore it is the prime target for studying solar system abundances. Most elements can be measured in the sun's photosphere, but data from the solar chromosphere and corona, solar energetic particles, solar wind, and solar cosmic rays (from solar flares), help to evaluate abundances of elements that have weak absorption lines (bec...

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Section: Meteorites As Abundance Standards For Non-volatile Solar Sysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar System Abundances of the Elements

Lodders

2010

Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings

286

176

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“…First, they can be reliably determined for a much wider range of elements and isotopes than abundances anywhere else And second, everyone knows that "normal" means as much like oneself as possible. Cameron (1968Cameron ( , 1973Cameron ( , 1982 was for some years custodian of the official table of cosmic abundances, having inherited it from Suess and Urey (1956) and having now more or less handed it on to Anders and Grevasse (1989).…”

Section: Solar System ("Cosmic")mentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and abundances of the chemical elements revisited

Trimble

1991

The Astron Astrophys Rev

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“…The importance of having accurate solar elemental abundances can thus not be overstated. From the pioneering efforts of Russell (1929) and Suess & Urey (1956) to the more recent works of Anders & Grevesse (1989), Grevesse & Sauval (1998), Lodders (2003) and Asplund et al (2005a), compilations of the solar system abundances have had, and will no doubt continue to have, an extremely wide-ranging use in astronomy and cosmology. To illustrate this obvious point, it here suffices to mention that Anders & Grevesse (1989) is currently the fourth most cited astronomy article of all time according to the ADS database.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Sun have a subsolar metallicity?

Asplund¹

2008

Proc. IAU

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Abstract. The solar chemical composition has recently undergone a drastic revision, in particular in terms of the C, N, O and Ne abundances that have been lowered by almost a factor of two. In this invited review I will describe the different compounding reasons for this change (3D model atmospheres, non-LTE line formation, improved atomic/molecular data) and discuss some astrophysical implications thereof, which fall under both good (solar neighborhood) and bad (helioseismology) news. The most recent literature regarding the solar O abundance is surveyed and a critical evaluation whether or not these support the low solar abundance scale is presented. Finally I venture to make some predictions to what the real solar O abundance may be.

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Abundances of the Elements

Cited by 735 publications

References 60 publications

Solar System Abundances of the Elements

Solar System Abundances of the Elements

The origin and abundances of the chemical elements revisited

Does the Sun have a subsolar metallicity?

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