“…In short, in our view, labeling a behavior problem as if it were a scientifically validated diagnosis, with specific implications for children, families, and their treatment, in the absence of the necessary empirical research, is premature at best and destructively misleading at worst (see Mercer (2019) for a discussion of negative consequences of specialized treatment programs, and Warshak () for the evolution of some programs to reduce the risk of negative consequences from erroneous labels). It encourages the legal system to ignore the risk that legitimate abuse cases are being misinterpreted and misclassified as PAS/PAD/PA cases (Meier, , ; Milchman, ; Silberg & Dallam, ; Warshak, ). This can be to the enormous detriment of children and protective parents, many of whom we have seen sadly watch their children continue to be abused after a court ignores legitimate abuse reports and adopts the alienation label.…”