Abyssal recipes

Munk, Walter

doi:10.1016/0011-7471(66)90602-4

Cited by 613 publications

(603 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In spite of the scarcity of data, the preceding discussion clearly indicates that the variance in the estimates of respiration rates in the bathypelagic ocean and sediments, where mixing is a minor source of error, is considerablly lower than that in the mesopelagic zone. Fiadeiro and Craig (1978) calculated a rate of respiration for the whole water column below 1000 m of 2 µl O 2 l −1 a −1 (0.24 µmol O 2 m −3 d −1 ), similar to other estimates available for the ocean interior based on oxygen fields and large-scale models (Riley 1951;Munk 1966;Broecker et al 1991). These rates are comparable in magnitude to the deep-water estimates derived from oxygen consumption in sediments (Table 10.5), but considerablly lower than estimates derived from ETS measurements (Table 10.3).…”

Section: Synthesis: Budgeting Respiration In Dark Oceansupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Conversely, and as argued above, the ETS-derived rates may severely overestimate respiration in the bathypelagic zone, where the method based on oxygen consumption in sediments Figure 10.6 Global estimates of OUR versus depth, derived from ETS measurements (Arístegui et al 2003) and oxygen consumption in sediments (Andersson et al 2004). Rates are compared with OUR in the North Atlantic mesopelagic zone (<1000 m), estimated from AOU and large-scale tracers (Jenkins and Wallace 1992), and with oxygen consumption in the bathypelagic zone (>1000 m) derived from oxygen fields in the North Atlantic (Riley 1951) and Pacific Ocean (Munk 1966) (see text for details).…”

Section: Synthesis: Budgeting Respiration In Dark Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

Arı́stegui¹,

Agustı́²,

Middelburg³

et al. 2005

Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems

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OutlineIn this chapter the mechanisms of transport and remineralization of organic matter in the dark water-column and sediments of the oceans are reviewed. We compare the different approaches to estimate respiration rates, and discuss the discrepancies obtained by the different methodologies. Finally, a respiratory carbon budget is produced for the dark ocean, which includes vertical and lateral fluxes of organic matter. In spite of the uncertainties inherent in the different approaches to estimate carbon fluxes and oxygen consumption in the dark ocean, estimates vary only by a factor of 1.5. Overall, direct measurements of respiration, as well as indirect approaches, converge to suggest a total dark ocean respiration of 1.5-1.7 Pmol C a −1 . Carbon mass balances in the dark ocean suggest that the dark ocean receives 1.5-1.6 Pmol C a −1 , similar to the estimated respiration, of which >70% is in the form of sinking particles. Almost all the organic matter (∼92%) is remineralized in the water column, the burial in sediments accounts for <1%. Mesopelagic (150-1000 m) respiration accounts for ∼70% of dark ocean respiration, with average integrated rates of 3-4 mol C m −2 a −1 , 6-8 times greater than in the bathypelagic zone (∼0.5 mol C m −2 a −1 ). The results presented here renders respiration in the dark ocean a major component of the carbon flux in the biosphere, and should promote research in the dark ocean, with the aim of better constraining the role of the biological pump in the removal and storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

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Section: Synthesis: Budgeting Respiration In Dark Oceansupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Synthesis: Budgeting Respiration In Dark Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

Arı́stegui¹,

Agustı́²,

Middelburg³

et al. 2005

Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems

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“…The hypothesis of Munk [1966] that the ocean does much of its vertical mixing near boundaries, extended by Armi [1978] While the open-ocean contribution of internal wavereflection-induced effective vertical mixing found on Fieberling's flanks is roughly equivalent to that found in situ at comparable depths in the open deep ocean, the contribution from reflection at gentler slopes and at lower latitudes may be much larger and dominate in situ mixing rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal wave reflection and mixing at Fieberling Guyot

Eriksen¹

1998

J. Geophys. Res.

113

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“…[2] The proposition that swimming animals can influence large-scale ocean mixing and circulation was introduced in jest by Munk [1966Munk [ , also personal communication, 2007, but has received more serious attention in recent years [Huntley and Zhou, 2004;Dewar et al, 2006]. Kunze et al [2006] observed significantly elevated kinetic energy dissipation rates in the vicinity of aggregations of krill, and subsequently noted shear fluctuations at length scales up to one meter, significantly larger than the individual animals [Kunze et al, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of vertical migration in biogenic ocean mixing

Dabiri

2010

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Recent efforts to empirically measure and numerically simulate biogenic ocean mixing have consistently observed low mixing efficiency. This suggests that the buoyancy flux achieved by swimming animals in the ocean may be negligible in spite of the observed large kinetic energy dissipation rates. The present letter suggests that vertical migration across isopycnals may be necessary in order to generate overturning and subsequent mixing at length scales significantly larger than the individual animals. The animal-fluid interactions are simulated here using a simplified potential flow model of solid spheres migrating vertically in a stably stratified fluid. The interaction of successive solid bodies with each parcel of fluid is shown to lead, under certain conditions, to vertical displacement of the fluid parcels over distances much larger than the individual body size. These regions of displaced fluid are unstably stratified and, hence, amenable to large-scale overturning and efficient mixing.

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Abyssal recipes

Cited by 613 publications

References 14 publications

Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

Internal wave reflection and mixing at Fieberling Guyot

Role of vertical migration in biogenic ocean mixing

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