Ac Biosusceptometry and Magnetic Nanoparticles to Assess Doxorubicin-Induced Kidney Injury in Rats

Abstract

Aim: This paper aims to investigate a doxorubicin (DOX) chronic kidney disease rat model using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) associated with the alternate current biosusceptometry (ACB) to analyze its different perfusion profiles in both healthy and DOX-injured kidneys. Materials & methods: We used the ACB to detect the MNP kidney perfusion in vivo. Furthermore, we performed biochemical and histological analyses, which sustained results obtained from the ACB system. We also studied the MNP biodistribution. Results: We found that DOX kidney injury alters the MNPs' kidney perfusion. These changes became more intense as the disease progressed. Moreover, DOX has an important effect on MNP biodistribution as the disease evolved. Conclusion: This study provides new applications of MNPs in nephrology, instrumentation, pharmacology, physiology and nanomedicine.

Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Chemoprotection and Doxorubicin Resistance: Potential Application in Drug Discovery

“…Then, oxidative stress parameters undergo a decrease, while antioxidant defense system is reinforced, leading to decreased DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity [91]. In addition to heart, kidney and liver are negatively affected following DOX administration due to an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation [92,93]. Asiatic acid (AA) is another phytochemical that has been under attention due to its efficacy in preventing ageing, improving wound healing and exerting anti-tumor activity [94][95][96][97].…”

2D Quantitative Imaging of Magnetic Nanoparticles by an AC Biosusceptometry Based Scanning Approach and Inverse Problem

“…Previously, our group showed the effectiveness of the ACB single-channel system in real-time in vivo evaluation of the MNPs' distribution and retention in the liver [19], its circulation in the bloodstream [18], and its different perfusion profile in healthy and injured kidneys [20] in rats. Some of these papers also employed the ACB single-channel system to quantify the MNPs' biodistribution in several organs.…”

“…Some of these papers also employed the ACB single-channel system to quantify the MNPs' biodistribution in several organs. Others aimed at the MNPs' cell internalization in ex vivo experiments and also to perform real-time video maps of the qualitative MNPs' biodistribution [15,[17][18][19][20]. Furthermore, recently we showed that ACB can assess the effects of corona protein formation in MNPs with three different coatings, which can be employed in biosensing assays [38].…”

“…The ACB system is extensively employed in gastrointestinal [9][10][11] and pharmaceutical [12][13][14] studies because of its characteristics. Our group recently introduced an ACB single-channel system as a new tool to detect MNPs in vivo, and also to quantify the MNPs' biodistribution and accumulation in ex vivo and in vitro samples [15][16][17][18][19][20]. However, despite a reasonable FOV (field of view), temporal resolution and sensitivity, the assessment of the quantitative MNPs' spatial distribution is still pending [17].…”

“…This methodology could assess the MNPs' pharmacokinetic profile in both the bloodstream and liver, but again was not able to provide quantitative imaging of the MNPs. Moreover, previous studies showed the potential of the ACB system to perform quantitative ex vivo biodistribution studies of MNPs employing organs and cells samples with both position and volume fixed (1D quantitative signals) [15,16,19,20]. Therefore, it is desired to both assess the ACB system's abilities for imaging and quantitative analysis, and to increase its spatial resolution, to perform MNP quantitative imaging of tablets, organs, and anatomical structures, which can be used in pharmaceutical and physiological studies [12,16,17,21,22].…”