AC-coefficient histogram-based retrieval for encrypted JPEG images

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel retrieval scheme for encrypted JPEG images. With this scheme, the DC and AC coefficients of JPEG images are encrypted using a stream cipher and scrambling encryption, respectively. Then, the encrypted images are transmitted to and stored in a server, which can also provide retrieval service. When receiving an encrypted query image, the server without any knowledge of the plaintext content may acquire statistically its AC coefficients histogram. By calculating the distances between the histograms of encrypted query image and database image, the server may output the encrypted images closest to the query image to the authorized user.

Secure and Efficient Image Retrieval over Encrypted Cloud Data

“…In addition, the JPEG images are encrypted via a partial image encryption [22,25]. Therefore, index tree I is encrypted as T. The leaf node of T is associated with the encrypted images.…”

“…It is designed for the widely used JPEG image. For example, Zhang and Cheng first use DC histogram preserved in the encrypted image as a feature [21] and then exploit AC histogram [22] and a new block feature [23] for retrieval. However, the efficiency of linear comparison or block-wise comparison is unacceptable.…”

“…Owing to the fact that this paper realizes similarity search, we tend to utilize global feature (such as color, shape) instead of accurate local feature (such as SIFT, BRIEF). Hence, our integrated feature is composed of widely used HSV histogram and DCT histogram [5,21,22,24]. We focus on the construction of index tree and protection of query pattern and access pattern.…”

An Image Identification Scheme Of Encrypted Jpeg Images For Privacy-Preserving Photo Sharing Services

“…For privacy-preserving photo sharing on these services, three requirements need to be satisfied: 1) protection of visual information, 2) tolerance for recompression after encryption, and 3) identification of encrypted images. In terms of requirement 1, a lot of studies on secure and efficient communications have been reported [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. To secure multimedia data, full encryption with provable security, such as RSA and AES, is the most secure option.…”

“…To secure multimedia data, full encryption with provable security, such as RSA and AES, is the most secure option. However, most schemes do not consider requirement 2, although requirement 3 is considered in several schemes [13][14][15][16][17]. As systems that satisfy both requirements 1 and 2, Encryption-then-Compression (EtC) systems have been developed [6][7][8][9][10].…”