AC conductivity of an illitic clay with zeolite addition after firing at different temperatures

Electrokinetic Forces as an Electrical Measure of Chemical Aging Potential in Granular Materials

“…Therefore, all the representative fractions exhibited a substantial mass loss in the temperature range above 600 °C, with a maximum mass loss up to 800 °C, consistent with quartz structures [55], and a small mass loss up to the limit of the apparatus at 1000 °C. In fact, all representative fractions exhibit a uniform mass loss (near 0.4%) for temperatures above 600 °C due to muscovite dehydroxylation [54,57,58], consistent with what was reported by Foldvari (2011) [39].…”

“…One of the most significant thermal reactions of minerals in the study, presented as a mass loss, is presented at the range between 450 and 650 °C, in which iron, presented as ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) and magnesium oxide, showed a reduction in mass up to 2.2%. This mass loss could be related to the dehydroxylation processes of muscovites (Ms) [57,58], which start at 400 °C, as presented by Csáki et al (2017) [54]. It is important to highlight that the red representative fraction showed less mass loss between 450 and 600 °C due to its smaller quantities of ferric oxide (up to 2% less than the other ones), and remained stable after 800 °C.…”

“…Therefore, Figure 6 shows the mass loss for the representative fractions in ranges up to 1000 °C, in which all representative fractions showed a loss of less than 3% in mass. All representative fractions showed a stable behavior, where the mass loss was less than 0.2% up to 200 °C due to the small quantities of sodium or magnesium oxides for the green, gray, and white representative fractions, in which the majority of the chemically bound water or absorbed water on the sand was removed [54,55]. Moreover, all representative fractions presented endothermic peaks near 50 °C that may be related to the to the dehydration of the minerals [56], with a small weight of 0.2%.…”

Cigarette butts and waste coffee grounds as additives to brick clay

“…The content of K 2 O in chemical analysis is indicative of the amount of illite [21]. The presence of kaolinite and illite, identified by XRD analysis, is confirmed by mild endothermic change on DTA curve and mass loss between 773 and 873 K on TG curve and mild change on DTG curve [16,17,24,25]. DTA curves of cigarette butts and waste coffee grounds show board exothermic changes corresponding to decomposition of organic components.…”