AC Loss Analytic Method and Optimization of Litz Winding for High-Speed Electrical Machines

Zhang, Jian; Jiang, Haozhe; Zhang, Zhuoran; Yu, Li; Zhu, Xiqing

doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3277127

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

2024

DOI: 10.1109/tie.2023.3277127

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AC Loss Analytic Method and Optimization of Litz Winding for High-Speed Electrical Machines

Jian Zhang

Haozhe Jiang

Zhuoran Zhang

et al.

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Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

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Electromagnetic Characterization of Hyperconducting Aluminum Litz Wires at Cryogenic Temperatures

Zhang,

Iacchetti,

Smith

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Cryogenic electric machines (CEMs) offer significant potential for highly power-dense and ultra-efficient net-zero aircraft. Aluminum (Al) displays superior conductivity to copper (Cu) at cryotemperatures, making Al Litz wires an attractive option for CEM windings to minimize DC and eddy losses. However, accurately quantifying Al Litz wire losses remains challenging, particularly considering their unknown electromagnetic behavior at different cryo-temperatures and frequencies when embedded in iron cores. To address this, a specialized test setup was developed to measure the losses of two customized Al Litz coils, alongside a Cu Litz coil, under varying cryo-temperatures (25 to 77 K) and frequencies (50 to 1000 Hz). A numerical model was also developed using COMSOL, incorporating a temperature-dependent electrical conductivity and a homogenization model for Litz wires with rectangular cross-sections. The model was incorporated into an analytic design procedure to maximize the test-rig loss ratio within the tight space and maximum heat rejection constraints of the cryostat, to allow accurate loss separation. The experimental data aligns closely with the numerical simulations, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the loss characteristics of Al Litz wires. This study provides a detailed design methodology and serves as a valuable resource for developing CEMs for zero-emission electric aircraft.

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Electromagnetic Characterization of Hyperconducting Aluminum Litz Wires at Cryogenic Temperatures

Zhang,

Iacchetti,

Smith

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Review of Design Freedom Offered by Additive Manufacturing for Performance Enhancement of Electrical Machine

Ahmad,

Kallaste,

Vaimann

et al. 2024

IEEE Open J. Ind. Electron. Soc.

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AC Loss Analytic Method and Optimization of Litz Winding for High-Speed Electrical Machines

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Electromagnetic Characterization of Hyperconducting Aluminum Litz Wires at Cryogenic Temperatures

Electromagnetic Characterization of Hyperconducting Aluminum Litz Wires at Cryogenic Temperatures

Review of Design Freedom Offered by Additive Manufacturing for Performance Enhancement of Electrical Machine

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