AC Network-Constrained Local Electricity Market Mechanism in Low-voltage Distribution Networks

Local Electricity Market Design Utilizing Network State Dependent Dynamic Network Usage Tariff

“…This can be achieved using a quadratic programming model [6], by the introduction of unbalanced AC OPF [7], by the linearization of the OPF problem [8] or by the relaxation of the AC OPF to ensure its convexity [9]. Other directions include utilization of the connection with the wholesale energy market [10], consideration of nodal voltages [11] and reactive power flows [12], or the application of stochastic models for renewable generators [13]. Several LMP methods are compared in [14].…”

“…To our best knowledge, these questions have not been addressed before, although the means of proper incentivization is a key aspect in the successful implementation of a local market framework in practice. As the literature overview in Table I illustrates, the proposed local markets that apply both energy and network --network Yes [20], [21] auction -energy No [17], [18] auction -energy Yes [25] auction -network Yes [12] auction linearized joint No [7], [11] auction in details joint No [8], [9], [14] auction in details joint not discussed [13] auction in details energy + network No [27] auction line flow joint not discussed [22], [26] continuous -energy Yes [29], [30], [31] continuous price components are not capable of parallel operation with existing trading platforms. In essence, they all consider the network with a fixed configuration of power injections that is swiftly eliminated from subsequent calculations by the appropriate reduction of remaining transmission capacities.…”