Acacia mangium Tannin as Formaldehyde Scavenger for Low Molecular Weight Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin in Bonding Tropical Plywood

Hoong, Yeoh Beng; Paridah, M. T.; Loh, Yueh Feng; Koh, Moo-Seok; Luqman, C. A.; Zaidon, A.

doi:10.1163/016942410x507740

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Bark as the filler in the adhesive mixture leads to a significant decrease in free formaldehyde release in plywood production. This is due to the tannin in the bark, which is in a condensed polyflavonoid form with a phenolic nature, leading to a decrease in formaldehyde emissions, as was confirmed by some studies [64,65,66]. A further reduction of formaldehyde emissions, but only to a certain value, occurs because of the increase in the amount of bark and thus because of the increase in the share of tannin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Functionality of Beech Bark in Adhesive Mixtures Used in Plywood and Its Effect on the Stability Associated with Material Systems

et al. 2019

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The results of research into utilizing grinded beech bark in order to substitute commonly used fillers in urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive mixtures to bond plywood are presented in the present study. Four test groups of plywood with various adhesive mixtures were manufactured under laboratory conditions and used for experimentation. Plywood made using the same technology, with the common filler (technical flour), was used as a reference material. Three different concentrations of grinded beech bark were used. The thermal conductivity of the fillers used, viscosity and its time dependence, homogeneity and the dispersion performance of fillers were evaluated in the analysis of adhesive mixture. The time necessary for heating up the material during the pressing process was a further tested parameter. The produced plywood was analyzed in terms of its modulus of elasticity, bending strength, perpendicular tensile strength and free formaldehyde emissions. Following the research results, beech bark can be characterized as an ecologically friendly alternative to technical flour, shortening the time of pressing by up to 27%. At the same time, in terms of the statistics, the mechanical properties and stability of the material changed insignificantly, and the formaldehyde emissions reduced significantly, by up to 74%. The utilization of bark was in compliance with long-term sustainability, resulting in a decrease in the environmental impact of waste generated during the wood processing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Functionality of Beech Bark in Adhesive Mixtures Used in Plywood and Its Effect on the Stability Associated with Material Systems

et al. 2019

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“…Tannin was mixed with low molecular phenolformaldehyde resin in manufacture of plywood. It was used to scavenge against emitted formaldehyde [18].…”

Section: Formaldehyde Emission and Formaldehyde Scavangersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formaldehyde Use and Alternative Biobased Binders for Particleboard Formulation: A Review

Kariuki

Wachira

Kawira

et al. 2019

Journal of Chemistry

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Formaldehyde-based resins are conventionally used as a binder in formulation of particleboard. Epidemiologic studies have shown that formaldehyde is carcinogenic. Efforts to reduce the health hazard effects of the fomaldehyde-based resin in the particleboard formulation have included use of scavengers for formaldehydes and use of an alternative binder. Use of scavengers for the formaldehyde increases the cost and maintenance of particleboard formulation. There is no proof that scavengers eliminate the emission of formaldehyde from particleboard. Use of biobased binders in particleboard formulation provides an alternative for eliminating use of the formaldehyde-based resin. However, the alternative is hindered by challenges, which include limitations of physical and mechanical properties. The challenge has continuously been acted upon through research. The paper presents an overview of the use of starch as an alternative binder. Improvement over time of the starch and limitations thereof requires to be addressed. Use of the modified starch has shown increased particleboard performance. Mechanical strength, such as modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bonding in particleboards, however, remains to be a challenge.

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“…For the study of wetting properties, many world-wide scholars study the characterization of the interface and try to improve the structure and properties of the interface then to explore the interface characteristics of the relationship between overall performance and the material carried out extensive and in-depth study [13][14][15][16][17] while most studies have been focused on wood materials [18][19][20].…”

Section: Sg =mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Surface Wettability of Rice Straw with Alkaline Pretreatment

Liu¹

2011

TOMSJ

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To improve the surface wetting properties of rice straw, effects of distilled water and four alkali pretreatment on the straw surface wettability were analyzed. The straw surface contact angle at different time points was measured by JC2000A contact angle measuring apparatus, optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with a linear regression technique for parameter extraction. The results show that the surface wettability of rice straw obtained significant improvement after alkali treatment and the contact angle decreases until it reaches equilibrium (force balance, heat balance and chemical equilibrium) over time. The contact angle has the maximum rate of change at the mass fraction of l in 10min by NaNH 2 pretreatment of the rice straw with the contact angle decrease gradient of 20.64. The contact angle has the smallest decrease gradient of 3.6 by CaH 2 pretreatment of the rice straw under the same conditions, however, a large number of CaCO 3 formation lead to the contact angle which does not change significantly over time. When smooth wax inside and outside the straw surface is removed, there has been similar to the "etched" phenomenon with wettability improved obviously by SEM image analysis. The optimum conditions of processing technology were obtained through orthogonal test: concentration of NaOH is 0.6 , solvent ratio 1:3.5 and reaction time 12h.

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Acacia mangium Tannin as Formaldehyde Scavenger for Low Molecular Weight Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin in Bonding Tropical Plywood

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

Functionality of Beech Bark in Adhesive Mixtures Used in Plywood and Its Effect on the Stability Associated with Material Systems

Functionality of Beech Bark in Adhesive Mixtures Used in Plywood and Its Effect on the Stability Associated with Material Systems

Formaldehyde Use and Alternative Biobased Binders for Particleboard Formulation: A Review

Enhanced Surface Wettability of Rice Straw with Alkaline Pretreatment

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