Acacia senegal gum attenuates systemic toxicity in CCl4-intoxicated rats via regulation of the ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway

Abstract

Acacia senegal (AS) gum (Gum Arabic) is a natural emulsifier exudate from the branches and trunk of Acacia trees and it is recognized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) agency as a secure dietary fiber. The present research evaluated the systemic oxidative and necroinflammatory stress induced by CCl4 administration and the alleviating effect of AS gum aqueous extract (ASE, 7.5 g/Kg b.w.). The results demonstrated the presence of certain phenolic compounds in ASE, as well as its in vitro potent scavenging ability against ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), NO, and lipid peroxide radicals. Also, the outcomes revealed an improvement in the CCl4-induced liver, lung, brain, and spleen toxicity by reducing the levels of ROS, lipid peroxidation, NO, and the gene expression of NF-κB and its relevant ROS-mediated inflammatory genes. In contrast, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, were significantly upregulated in these organs after the treatment with ASE. These results were confirmed by improving the morphological features of each organ. Therefore, ASE can ameliorate the systemic toxicity caused by CCl4 via regulation of the ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway in the rat organs, which is owed to its phytochemical composition.

Ameliorative Effects of Propolis and Royal Jelly against CCl4‐Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats

“…Royal jelly possesses several pharmacological effects; including antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti‐inflammatory, neurotrophic, immunomodulatory, anti‐allergic and antiaging, according to research of Habashy and Abu‐Serie [19] and Shah [20] . Royal jelly has significant hepatoprotective and hepatotherapeutic benefits by reducing oxidative stress; [21] by improving biochemical and/or hematological parameters in male Wister albino rats intoxicated with CCl 4 .…”

“…[15] Propolis extract has the ability to treat and prevent urinary calculi, crystaluria, and proteinuria in addition to having a potential protective impact against CCl 4 , ethylene glycol, gentamicin, and adenine-induced nephrotoxicity. [16 -18] Royal jelly possesses several pharmacological effects; including antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, neurotrophic, immunomodulatory, anti-allergic and antiaging, according to research of Habashy and Abu-Serie [19] and Shah. [20] Royal jelly has significant hepatoprotective and hepatotherapeutic benefits by reducing oxidative stress; [21] by improving biochemical and/or hematological parameters in male Wister albino rats intoxicated with CCl 4 .…”

Effect of eugenol and gum arabic on oxidative stress and genotoxicity in rat spleen, kidney and lung tissue following colorectal carcinogenesis

“…There is evidence that GA protects against CCL4-induced toxicity in rodent spleen tissue by reducing oxidative stress. This may be due to the compound's phytochemical composition, with emphasis on the antioxidant properties of the phenolic compounds gallic acid, ellagic acid, benzoic acid and o-coumaric acid [37] . EUG, which in this study reduced DNA damage in spleen tissue, is chemoprotective against toxicity induced by TiO2 nanoparticles due to its antioxidant effects [38] .…”

Biochemical Pilot Study on Effects of Pomegranate Seed Oil Extract and Cosmetic Cream on Neurologically Mediated Skin Inflammation in Animals and Humans: A Comparative Observational Study

“…After adaptation, we separated the rats into five groups of eight rats each. We conducted all animal experiments according to the Experimental Animal Care Society’s Department Committee guideline, and adapted to the three Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. The five groups of rats were as follows: a control group of untreated rats; a skin inflammation group, in which rats were intramuscularly injected with a dose of phenobarbital at 50 mg/kg body mass (bm) once per week for three weeks plus a daily intracutaneous dose of formaldehyde at 6 µL/kg body mass (bm) [ 18 , 43 , 59 ].…”

“…We also separately studied the changes in the levels of these inflammatory indicators in human volunteers who received treatment with TROSYD and PSOE against inflammation and those without the treatment, and compared the results with those from the rat study. Figure 1 shows the experimental design [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”