“…Perhaps the one new factor to be added to these factors is the economic downturn following the 2008 fi nancial crisis. There has also been work focused on the changes in the academic workforce (Musselin 2011 ;Rhoades 2005 ;Mills and Rath 2012 ). From a somewhat different perspective similar issues have been approached from a policy standpoint because the academic workforce is acknowledged to be in transition for the purposes of planning for the future workforce in higher education (Bexley et al 2011 ;Blass et al 2010 ;Locke and Bennion 2010 ).…”