Academic and Psychosocial Impact of Air Pollution on Children

Johnson, Natalie M.; Carrillo, Genny; Mehta, Ranjana K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32358-9_9

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…An increasing body of evidence is showing associations between traffic-related exposure and diagnoses of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents ( 17 ), self-regulation, and ADHD ( 18 , 19 ). Although most studies included large, representative samples with clinically relevant community-level results, findings were correlational and most did not control for multiple toxin exposure prenatally or postnatally and moderating factors such as maternal use of psychotropic medications, making it difficult to exclude genetic predispositions.…”

Section: Effects Of Severe Air Pollution On Brain-related Functions Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limitations in developmental OA-pollution research involve the incompleteness of findings [( 37 ); see Table 1 ], scientific uncertainty regarding risk assessment [( 38 ); see Table 2 ], and inconsistent research on outcomes of exposure [( 18 ); see Table 3 ]. Table 1 summarizes the recommendations of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institute of Health panel ( 37 ) to fill knowledge gaps, with main priorities to understand the OA-pollution characteristics necessary to elicit detrimental pro-inflammatory responses, confirm the role of neuroinflammation in toxicity, identify all critical mechanisms, cell types, direct and indirect pathways, and their complex interactions (see Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Knowledge Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second strategy is continuous identification and monitoring of the associations between exposure and children’s brain health ( 6 ). Consequently, neuropsychological and psychoeducational screening and testing for early identification and intervention could target subgroups of children who are at higher risk [i.e., attending daycares or schools near major roads ( 18 , 49 )]. Various appropriate assessment methods may be necessary for identification and possibly follow-up to monitor progress and rate of development in response to continued exposure ( 39 ).…”

Section: Policy Implications: Precautionary Action Despite Incompletementioning

confidence: 99%

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Severe Urban Outdoor Air Pollution and Children’s Structural and Functional Brain Development, From Evidence to Precautionary Strategic Action

D’Angiulli

2018

Front. Public Health

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According to the latest estimates, about 2 billion children around the world are exposed to severe urban outdoor air pollution. Transdisciplinary, multi-method findings from epidemiology, developmental neuroscience, psychology, and pediatrics, show detrimental outcomes associated with pre- and postnatal exposure are found at all ages. Affected brain-related functions include perceptual and sensory information processing, intellectual and cognitive development, memory and executive functions, emotion and self-regulation, and academic achievement. Correspondingly, with the breakdown of natural barriers against entry and translocation of toxic particles in the brain, the most common structural changes are responses promoting neuroinflammation and indicating early neurodegenerative processes. In spite of the gaps in current scientific knowledge and the challenges posed by non-scientific issues that influence policy, the evidence invites the conclusion that urban outdoor air pollution is a serious threat to healthy brain development which may set the conditions for neurodegenerative diseases. Such evidence supports the perspective that urgent strategic precautionary actions, minimizing exposure and attenuating its effects, are needed to protect children and their brain development.

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Section: Effects Of Severe Air Pollution On Brain-related Functions Imentioning

confidence: 99%