Academic Engagement and Commercialization: A Review of the Literature on University-Industry Relations

Perkmann, Markus; Tartari, Valentina; McKelvey, Maureen; Autio, Erkko; Broström, Anders; D’Este, Pablo; Fini, Riccardo; Geuna, Aldo; Grimaldi, Rosa; Hughes, Alan; Kitson, Michael; Krabel, Stefan; Llerena, Patrick; Lissoni, Francesco; Salter, Ammon; Sobrero, Maurizio

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2088253

Cited by 107 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Comme on peut le constater, le principe d'homophilie (ou encore les proximités) a un impact managérial significatif puisqu'il vient, au moins en partie, conditionner l'accès des PME aux ressources et capacités externes dont elles ont besoin dans le cadre de leurs projets d'innovation (Grossetti et Bès, 2001). (Ankrah et AL-Tabbaa, 2015 ;Perkmann et al, 2013 ;Bijker, Hughes et Pinch, 2012). Toutefois, le principe d'homophilie et l'analyse des réseaux montrent également qu'il ne s'agit pas là d'une panacée.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

L’analyse des réseaux dans les activités d’innovation des PME : le rôle oublié de l’homophilie1

Trépanier

Aka

2017

ipme

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La recherche sur l’innovation dans les PME s’est beaucoup intéressée à la place et au rôle des réseaux. Dans ces travaux, tout se passe comme si toutes les relations étaient possibles et également probables. Or, rien n’est plus inexact : toutes les relations n’ont pas la même probabilité d’exister et les réseaux sont eux aussi structurés et hiérarchisés. En analyse de réseaux, cette observation classique renvoie au principe d’homophilie ; principe selon lequel, dans les réseaux, les personnes ou les organisations qui sont en relation sont semblables parce qu’elles ont tendance à partager un ensemble de caractéristiques sociales et organisationnelles. À partir d’une étude exploratoire centrée sur des entretiens réalisés dans des entreprises oeuvrant dans l’industrie des technologies propres, nous verrons comment le principe d’homophilie s’avère nécessaire à la compréhension, d’une part, de l’existence même des relations observées dans les activités d’innovation des PME et, d’autre part, de leur capacité à donner accès aux ressources, dont ont besoin ces dernières dans leurs projets.Innovation studies in SMEs has been interested for long time by the place and role of networks. In these studies, everything happens as if all the relations were possible and also likely. Yet, nothing is more inaccurate : all the relations do not have the same probability to exist and networks are also structured and hierarchical. In networks analysis, this classic observation sends back to the principle of homophily ; principle according to which people or organizations tend to form connections with others who are similar to them in social or organizational characteristics. From an exploratory research based on interviews with entrepreneurs and managers of firms working in the industry of clean technologies, we will see how the principle of homophily turns out to be necessary in the understanding of, on one hand, the existence of the relations observed in the innovation’s activities of SMEs, and on the other, their capacity to give access to the resources which the SMEs need in their innovation’s projects.Investigación sobre la innovación en las PyME (Pequenas y medianas empresas) está interesada en el lugar y el papel de las redes. En estas obras, todo sucede como si las relaciones fueran igualmente probables y posibles. Sin embargo, nada es más correcta : todas las relaciones no tienen la misma posibilidad de existir redes también estructuradas y priorizadas. En el análisis de redes, esta observación clásica se refiere a la venta de homophilia. El principio por el que, en las redes, las personas u organizaciones que están relacionados con son similares porque suelen compartir un conjunto de características sociales y organizativos. De un estudio exploratorio centrado en entrevistas con los empresarios del sector de tecno...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

L’analyse des réseaux dans les activités d’innovation des PME : le rôle oublié de l’homophilie1

Trépanier

Aka

2017

ipme

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“…D 'Este and Patel (2007) observed past behavior, funds raised, age, rank, and status, concluding that these individuals' characteristics have stronger impacts than the characteristics of their departments or universities. An up-to-date overview of individual, organizational, and institutional antecedents and consequences of relationships between scientists and industry by Perkmann et al (2013) and an extensive literature analysis on research collaboration by Bozeman et al (2013) …”

Section: Knowledge Transfer From the University To Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also implies active co-creation of scientific knowledge. Perkmann et al (2013) state that academic engagement, i.e. relationships between scientists and non-academic organizations, is far more frequent than commercialization of research, since it is closer to academic research and thus more agreeable to scientists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge transfer activities of scientists in nanotechnology

et al. 2016

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In this paper, we present a theory of strategic positioning that explains scientists' strategic behavior in knowledge transfer from university to industry. The theory is based on the drivers strategic interdependence and organizational autonomy and entails three modes of behavior of scientists: mode1, mode2, and mode3 (the research entrepreneur). The results of an empirical study conducted at a research institute for nanotechnology show that, to increase the likelihood of scientists engaging in knowledge transfer to industry, scientists need to have a high need for autonomy (expressed in decision-making on collaboration with industry and join research projects) and a high need for interdependence (expressed in the need for resources such as knowledge, skills, facilities, etc.). Scientists' academic and industry orientations do not change the effect of the strategic positioning theory on the likelihood of engagement with industry, nor the likelihood of knowledge transfer. The strategic positioning theory explains 43 % of the variance, i.e. there is a firm foundation for managerial practices for different scientist modes of strategic behavior.

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“…Business-science links through joint research, consulting or training arrangements, for example, are key channels of knowledge transfer between academia and industry according to both academics (Agrawal and Henderson, 2002) and …rms (Cohen et al, 2002). As a result, university-industry collaborations are nowadays stronger and more widespread than ever before (Jensen and Thursby, 2001; Perkmann et al, 2013). Unfortunately, in spite of their tremendous importance, we know very little about which groups of which institutions engage in collaboration and which two-sided market partnerships are actually formed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Matching in University-Industry Collaboration: Theory and Empirical Evidence from the United Kingdom

2018

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent AbstractWe use a two-sided matching framework to analyze collaboration between heterogeneous academics and …rms. We consider both horizontal and vertical characteristics, i.e., those related to a¢ nity (e.g., preferences for a type of scienti…c research) and those related to ability (e.g., capacity to produce high-quality scienti…c output). We build a unique dataset based on the teams of academics and …rms that proposed research projects to the UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Our results are suggestive of positive assortative matching in terms of ability and type while the matching is negative assortative in terms of their interactions. The most able and the most applied academics are the ones that are more likely to propose collaborative as opposed to non-collaborative projects. JEL Classi…cation numbers: O32, I23

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Academic Engagement and Commercialization: A Review of the Literature on University-Industry Relations

Cited by 107 publications

References 82 publications

L’analyse des réseaux dans les activités d’innovation des PME : le rôle oublié de l’homophilie1

L’analyse des réseaux dans les activités d’innovation des PME : le rôle oublié de l’homophilie1

Knowledge transfer activities of scientists in nanotechnology

Endogenous Matching in University-Industry Collaboration: Theory and Empirical Evidence from the United Kingdom

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