Academic Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Research of Invention Commercialisation

Abstract

Empirical studies exploring particular mechanisms that the country's institutional profile, such as regulatory and normative dimension are internalised into scientists' cognitive process of commercialising their research results, are rather sparse. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework in which integrated the lens of institutional theory and theory of planned behaviour to empirically test and discover the effects of regulatory and normative supports on scientists' intention to commercialise an invention. A survey was conducted at institutions and universities using stratified random sampling from 255 scientists during the period of 2 months from May to July 2020. A structural equation modelling was employed to estimate the paths and correlations. Results revealed that although regulatory support was not found to have the direct role in shaping intention to commercialise the invention, it had more influences and significances in the increase of attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control. Also, attitude towards entrepreneurship and perceived behavioural control were found to be full mediators in the linkage between regulatory support and intention to commercialise the invention, but subjective norms were not. Besides, normative support, although it was not related to subjective norms, it had direct influences on attitude toward invention commercialisation, perceived behaviour control, and intention to commercialise the invention. Thus, attitude toward invention commercialisation, perceived behaviour control was figured out to play the partially mediating role in the relationship between normative support and intention to commercialise invention among scientists. This research shows that new institutions that address younger generations and concentrate on enhancing entrepreneurial qualities are crucial to foster commercialisation in emerging economies. Also, by representing outstanding issues, our research encourages further debate and research activities. Implications for Central European audience: Even though the research results are related to academic entrepreneurship in Vietnam, the findings of this study can advocate that to promote academic entrepreneurship in emerging economies, enhancing both regulatory and normative supports are really necessary. In addition to theoretical contributions, this study also has several practical implications for researchers and policymakers in Central Europe.

What motivates Vietnamese enterprises to upgrade in global value chains? Closing the intention-behavior gap

“…Specifically, firms' understandings about opportunities and threats under the attachment of RoO to FTAs urge them to implement their action plans for GVC upgrading as a strategic decision. On the other hand, the finding regarding the moderating role of governmental support contributes to the existing knowledge about the positive influence of governmental support on either entrepreneurial activity in general (Doanh et al, 2021;Hoppmann and Vermeer, 2020;Perkmann et al, 2013;Nguyen et al, 2018a, b;Shirokova et al, 2020) and GVC upgrading (De Marchi and Alford, 2021;Kaplinsky, 2015;Kole sa, 2018;OECD, 2013). Specifically, preferential treatments, either in terms of credit, finance or technology to firms would close the intention-behavior gap regarding moving up in their chains and hence, accelerate GVC upgrading among the economy.…”

“…global value chain upgrading anxiety among Vietnamese individuals and the business community at large (Doanh et al, 2021;Loan et al, 2021). This may hinder their business opportunity recognition and GVC upgrading, as an entrepreneurial act.…”

“…The moderating effect of governmental support in the intention-behavior gap. The regulatory and normative supports that are embedded in a country's institutional profile could encourage entrepreneurial behavior (Doanh et al, 2021;Hoppmann and Vermeer, 2020;Perkmann et al, 2013;Nguyen et al, 2018a, b;Shirokova et al, 2020) and firms' innovation (Adhikari et al, 2006;Claessens et al, 2008;Faccio, 2007). GVC upgrading requires firms to have enough resources and capacities to innovate and perform more elaborate tasks within their chains.…”

“…During this process, Vietnamese firms could be better off from capturing more value-added within the region with more opportunities for structural transformation and value chain upgrading. Nevertheless, at the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic may result in fear and anxiety among Vietnamese individuals and the business community at large (Doanh et al. , 2021; Loan et al.…”

How External Environment and Altruistic Traits Drive Eco-Centric Entrepreneurial Intention Among Youth in the Post-COVID-19 Era?

“…Social norms are transmitted by guilt, shame, and formal social sanctions that motivate individuals to avoid their selfish interests and priorities for the collective benefit of society ( Turulja et al, 2020 ). It is the power of social norms that they approve or disapprove all the actions in the form of social reactions, i.e., family, friends, coworkers; perhaps this sort of social pressure can be a key driver of entrepreneurial actions to deliver and work for green behavior ( Valdez and Richardson, 2013 ) as the social norms possess the capacity to provide the efficiency of social appreciation so the individuals focus on pro-environmental action while creating, evolving, and executing the idea of the entrepreneurship ( Doanh et al, 2021 ). When entrepreneurs can suggest the market and eventually create suitable norms, they will produce the latest aspects for entrepreneurship and attain notable importance for it, impacting the surrounding quality ( He et al, 2020 ).…”