“…In the current study, we present studies conducted to develop and validate a short version of the Group Development Questionnaire (GDQ) that is used to measure the maturity of small group or teams (Wheelan & Mckeage, 1993). The GDQs has received some critique (Kozlowski, Watola, Jensen, Kim & Botero, 2009), but is nevertheless extensively used in research (Ulhassan, Westerlund, Thor, Sandahl & von Thiele Schwarz, 2014;Raes, Kyndt, Decuyper, Van den Bossche & Dochy, 2015;Söderhjelm, Björklund, Sandahl & Bolander-Laksov, 2018;Jacobsson, Rydbo & Börresen, 2014) and practice (Wheelan, 2016). The critique lies mainly in the fact that the four stages of group development are disparate constructs, and in that the patterns that most groups go through might not be the optimal way to develop groups (Kozlowski, Watola et al, 2009).…”