“…Many activities, including education, health care, agriculture, business, and military activities (Khan & Abdullah, 2019), have changed as a result of technological advancements (Mahona & Pacho, 2021). In today's globalized digital world (Khan & AAS, 2019), education, which includes both teaching and learning (Sohail & Nabaz, 2019), is viewed as a critical component for gaining a competitive advantage (Riyadh et al, 2020). Individuals and organizations are becoming more knowledge-intensive (Ahmed & Hassan, 2019) in order to acquire a competitive advantage , allowing them to focus more on obtaining and maintaining information in order to obtain a considerable advantage (Khorsheed et al, 2020).…”