Appraisal and accountability become meaningful only m terms of declared and agreed objectives. The article, which deals in the main but not on& with teaching and learning, shows that teaching objectives can be clarified by relating teaching to research and that appraisal at both individual and institutional level can then be made meaningful. This leads on, quite generally, to a discussion of the potential for good as well as the inherent dangers, of appraisal and accountability in a collegial setting, the vital role played by staff development and training, and the difficulties which arise from an association of appraisal with promotion.