Acaricidal activity of leaves of Morus nigra against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus

Abstract

The acaricidal activity of crude ethanolic extract and fractions from the leaves of Morus nigra (Moraceae) was carried out on female cattle ticks Rhipicephalus microplus, using the adult immersion test. The mortality and fertility of females exposed to different concentrations of hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions, as well as ethanolic extract of M. nigra with concentrations of 5, 10 and 25mg/ml were evaluated using three treatment groups, two control groups and triplicate tests. The study also identified the main phenolic compounds of the extract and fractions of this species by HPLC. The chloroform fraction of leaves of M. nigra (25mg/mL) showed the best results for this species, obtaining 62.6% of inhibition of oviposition, 39.3% of eggs eclosion average and 65.4% of effectiveness. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, which may be related to biological activity shown by the extracts, which can be used as an alternative control against R. microplus adult tick.Keywords: tick control, acaricide, plant extract, mulberry, HPLC RESUMO A atividade acaricida do extrato etanólico bruto e das frações das folhas de

Resistance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1888) to acaricides used in dairy cattle of Teixeirópolis, Rondônia, Brazil

“…Table 2 shows the last products used at the farms studied, with most acaricide formulations containing organophosphate and pyrethroids. Such results corroborate with Silva (2010) and Dantas et al (2017), who reported that these two compounds are often used in combination because the action of pyrethroids is enhanced when associated with organophosphates. Among the six formulations tested, 50% presented average effectiveness in in vitro tests higher than 95% at all farms (Table 3).…”

“…The associated formulations expressed better effectiveness indices (Table 3). Such results are similar to those obtained by Koler et al (2009), Abbas et al (2014), Higa et al (2016), Dantas et al (2017) and Silveira Neto et al (2017), who obtained more effective combinations in their studies due to the fact that associated products reacted together with different action mechanisms, allowing different tick repellent compounds to interact.…”

“…The species main hosts are bovids, however, can be found on other domestic and wild hosts (MONTEIRO, 2016). Morphologically, this subgenus is characterized by having the base of gnathosoma hexagonal with rostrum and palps short, flattened, wrinkled laterally and dorsally, dorsal shield without ornamentation, without marginal festoons and generally with caudal extension (DANTAS et al, 2017). The body is oval and wide in the front and presents grayish-blue brown and white coloration on its front and sides (TAYLOR et al, 2017).…”

“…Approximately 80% of Brazilian farms suffer from infestations that, along with the aforementioned problems, lead to cow death, mainly from bovine parasitic sadness (GRISI, 2002). In addition, R. microplus infestations increase labor and medicine expenses (GRISI, 2002;DANTAS et al, 2017). In 2014, these losses totaled 3 billion dollars in Brazil alone (GRISI et al, 2014;).…”

Métodos alternativos para o controle de carrapatos: uma análise bibliométrica / Alternative methods for the control of ticks: bibliometric analysis

“…Esse estudo pode ser útil para o desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos de controle, pois destaca a interdependência entre os carrapatos e seus endossimbiontes(GUIZZO et al, 2017).Já o autor Showler et al (2020) utilizaram o Amblyomma americanum para avaliar a eficácia de um produto à base de terra de diatomáceas, uma substância natural que pode ser armazenada indefinidamente e que pode ainda fornecer proteção profilática aos bovinos contra ixodídeos. Em contrapartida,Pereira et al (2017) realizaram uma investigação química da polpa de frutos de Crescentia cujete L. na qual mostraram que a fase acetato de etila do extrato etanólico da polpa é um potencial controle alternativo para R. microplus e sua atividade está em parte associada ao seu principal composto, o ácido cinâmico Dantas et al (2017). constataram que a presença de compostos fenólicos, possivelmente relacionados com a atividade biológica demonstrada pelos extratos etanólicos bruto e das frações das folhas de Morus nigra (Moraceae), podem ser utilizados como auxiliares no controle contra o carrapato adulto de R. microplus.…”