Accelerated age-related decline of visual information processing in first-degree relatives of persons with schizophrenia

Bedwell, Jeffrey S.; Esposito, Sharon; Miller, L. Stephen

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2003.12.015

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Also included was a paper-and-pencil measure of pattern span (Della Sala, Gray, Baddeley, & Wilson, 1997), a computerized version of span of apprehension (Bedwell, Esposito, & Miller, 2004) created with E-Prime, and an experimentally derived task of cross-modal transfer. The reliabilities of tasks from the CANTAB and CAT are good, with internal consistency coefficients on the CANTAB tasks ranging from .73 to .95 for 4- to 12-year-olds (Luciana & Nelson, 2002) and internal consistency coefficients and split-half reliabilities on the CAT and SCA generally .80 and above (DeFries & Plomin, 1985; Detterman, 1988).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information processing from infancy to 11years: Continuities and prediction of IQ

et al. 2012

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This study provides the first direct evidence of cognitive continuity for multiple specific information processing abilities from infancy and toddlerhood to pre-adolescence, and provides support for the view that infant abilities and form the basis of later childhood abilities. Data from a large sample of children (N = 131) were obtained at five different time points (7, 12, 24, 36 months, and 11 years) for a large battery of tasks representing four cognitive domains (attention, processing speed, memory, and representational competence). Structural equation models of continuity were assessed for each domain, in which it was assumed that infant abilities → toddler abilities → 11-year abilities. Abilities at each age were represented by latent variables, which minimize task-specific variance and measurement error. The model for each domain fit the data. Moreover, abilities from the three age periods predicted global outcome, with infant, toddler, and contemporaneous 11-year measures, respectively, accounting for 12.3%, 18.5%, and 45.2% of the variance in 11-year IQ. These findings strengthen contentions that specific cognitive abilities that can be identified in infancy show long-term continuity and contribute importantly to later cognitive competence.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information processing from infancy to 11years: Continuities and prediction of IQ

et al. 2012

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“…Many of the tasks are graded in difficulty, thus minimizing floor and ceiling effects. The tasks in the present paper also included a paper-and-pencil measure of pattern span (Della Sala, Gray, Baddeley, & Wilson, 1997), a computerized version of span of apprehension (Bedwell, Esposito, & Miller, 2004), created with E-Prime, and an experimentally derived task of cross-modal transfer. The number of children completing any one task varied from 126-130; data loss on particular tasks was due to equipment failure, parental time constraints, or failure to complete the task.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic information processing abilities at 11 years account for deficits in IQ associated with preterm birth

et al. 2011

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Although it is well established that preterms as a group do poorly relative to their full-term peers on tests of global cognitive functioning, the basis for this relative deficiency is less understood. The present paper examines preterm deficits in core cognitive abilities and determines their role in mediating preterm/full-term differences in IQ. The performance of 11-year-old children born preterm (birth weight <1750g) and their full-term controls were compared on a large battery of 15 tasks, covering four basic cognitive domains -- memory, attention, speed of processing and representational competence. The validity of these four domains was established using latent variables and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Preterms showed pervasive deficits within and across domains. Additionally, preterm deficits in IQ were completely mediated by these four cognitive domains in a structural equation model involving a cascade from elementary abilities (attention and speed), to more complex abilities (memory and representational competence), to IQ. The similarity of findings to those obtained with this cohort in infancy and toddlerhood suggest that preterm deficits persist – across time, across task, and from the non-verbal to the verbal period.

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“…Since our study had relevant power to detect at least “medium” group differences, it appears that detection rates in partial report SOA tasks with a wide visual angle are not appropriate as a cognitive trait marker for schizophrenia. However, since an accelerated age-related decline in the Span of Apprehension performance has been observed in schizophrenia patients as well as in first-degree relatives [4,10], it cannot be excluded that older schizophrenia patients (age over 60) could differ from normal subjects on the Span of Apprehension task. In our schizophrenia sample with an age range between 21 and 60 (mean age: 34 years), no correlations between age and Span performance were found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the latter studies, the failure to detect performance differences on the SOA between diagnostic groups could be due to small samples of psychiatric control groups (Ns < 20). Furthermore, in recent studies, an accelerated age-related decline in the Span of Apprehension performance has been observed in schizophrenia patients as well as in first-degree relatives [4,10]. Impairment in one or more of the discrete computational system involved in visual search has been proposed to account for the performance deficits on the SOA task [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding of abnormal scanning behavior in the Span of Apprehension task in schizophrenia but diagnostic non-specificity of sum scores

et al. 2008

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Accelerated age-related decline of visual information processing in first-degree relatives of persons with schizophrenia

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Information processing from infancy to 11years: Continuities and prediction of IQ

Information processing from infancy to 11years: Continuities and prediction of IQ

Basic information processing abilities at 11 years account for deficits in IQ associated with preterm birth

Finding of abnormal scanning behavior in the Span of Apprehension task in schizophrenia but diagnostic non-specificity of sum scores

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