Accelerated Aging of Epoxy Biocomposites Filled with Cellulose

Busiak, Radosław; Masek, Anna; Wegier, Aleksandra; Rylski, A.

doi:10.3390/ma15093256

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Finally, the intense peak at approximately 825 cm −1 is due to the presence of C-C stretching vibrations of the epoxy ring (purple highlight). Similar moieties are present in other epoxy resin structures [30]. During the aging process, the new bands at approximately 1725 cm −1 appear as a result of the oxidation process, where carbonyl groups are formed.…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ft-ir) Absorbance S...supporting

confidence: 52%

“…There is a great need for novel pro-ecological materials in different sectors, including the railway industry. For example, increased attention is being paid to the development of novel biocomposites for seats, which should be lightweight and durable [30]. In modern railways, the heavy and expensive metal parts of seats have been replaced with polymer composites, including materials made of epoxy resin, with desirable mechanical properties [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epoxy Resin-Based Materials Containing Natural Additives of Plant Origin Dedicated to Rail Transport

Masek,

Olejnik,

Czechowski

et al. 2023

Materials

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The presented study is focused on the modification of commercially available epoxy resin with flame retardants by means of using natural substances, including quercetin hydrate and potato starch. The main aim was to obtain environmentally friendly material dedicated to rail transport that is resistant to the aging process during exploitation but also more prone to biodegradation in environmental conditions after usage. Starch is a natural biopolymer that can be applied as a pro-ecological filler, which may contribute to degradation in environmental conditions, while quercetin hydrate is able to prevent a composite from premature degradation during exploitation. To determine the aging resistance of the prepared materials, the measurements of hardness, color, mechanical properties and surface free energy were performed before and after solar aging. To assess the mechanical properties of the composite material, one-directional tensile tests were performed for three directions (0, 90, 45 degrees referred to the plate edges). Moreover, the FT-IR spectra of pristine and aged materials were obtained to observe the changes in chemical structure. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to achieve information about the impact of natural substances on the thermal resistance of the achieved composites.

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Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ft-ir) Absorbance S...supporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy Resin-Based Materials Containing Natural Additives of Plant Origin Dedicated to Rail Transport

Masek,

Olejnik,

Czechowski

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…New possibilities for applying modified epoxy resin to cement mortars are described [ 21 , 22 ]. A significant branch of the industry where epoxy resins are used is public transport, including the railway industry [ 23 ]. In modern railways, metal parts of seats have been replaced with polymer composites, including materials based on epoxy resin, which have appropriate mechanical properties [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In modern railways, metal parts of seats have been replaced with polymer composites, including materials based on epoxy resin, which have appropriate mechanical properties [ 24 ]. Due to climatic conditions (UV radiation and variable temperatures), epoxy polymer compositions used as seats require stabilization [ 23 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Addition of Naringenin Derived from Citrus on the Properties of Epoxy Resin Compositions

Latos-Brozio,

Masek,

Czechowski

et al. 2024

Molecules

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This research concerns the modification of commercially available epoxy resin with flame retardants in order to obtain aging-resistant and antimicrobial polymeric materials with a plant stabilizer dedicated to use in rail transport. Polymer compositions based on epoxy resin, fiberglass fabric, and naringenin were prepared. Naringenin was added as a natural stabilizer at 2, 4, and 8 phr. The materials were subjected to solar aging lasting 800 h. The hardness of the samples, surface energy, and carbonyl indexes were determined, and the color change in the composition after aging was analyzed. In addition, microscopic observations, analyses of mechanical properties, and microbiological tests were performed. The hardness determination showed that the samples retained their functional properties after solar aging. The increase in the polar component of the surface energy of all materials indicated the beginning of the degradation process of the composites. The tensile one-directional tests were carried out for plane samples taken in three directions (0, 90, and 45 degrees referred to a plate edge) before and after the aging process. The addition of naringenin did not affect the functional and surface properties of the epoxy resin-based materials. Polyphenol stabilized polymer composites, as evidenced by the results of carbonyl indexes. Moreover, the obtained samples showed good antimicrobial properties for E. coli and C. albicans in the field of testing the viability of microbial cells in contact with the tested surfaces.

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“…Epoxy resin belongs to a group of thermosetting polymers that are commonly used in engineering applications due to their high performance (excellent mechanical properties, high thermal and corrosion resistance, etc.) and versatility [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. It is reported that approximately 323,000 tons of epoxy resin are produced annually, of which 45,000 tons are used in the transportation industry (14%) [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a Biofiller, Polylactide, on the General Characteristics of Epoxy-Based Materials

Plota-Pietrzak,

Czechowski,

Masek

2024

Materials

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The aim of this work was to obtain epoxy-based composite structures with good mechanical performance, high aging resistance, and an improved degradability profile. For this purpose, powdered polylactide in the amount of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 phr was introduced into the epoxy resin, and the composites were fabricated by a simple method, which is similar to that used on an industrial scale in the fabrication of these products. The first analysis concerned the study of the effect of PLA addition to epoxy resin-based composites on their mechanical properties. One-directional tensile tests of samples were performed for three directions (0, 90, and 45 degrees referring to the plate edges). Another aspect of this research was the assessment of the resistance of these composites to long-term exposure to solar radiation and elevated temperature. Based on the obtained results, it was observed that the samples containing 20 or 40 phr of polylactide were characterized by the lowest resistance to the solar aging process. It was therefore concluded that the optimal amount of polylactide in the epoxy resin composite should not be greater than 10 phr to maintain its mechanical behavior and high aging resistance. In the available literature, there are many examples in which scientists have proposed the use of various biofillers (e.g., lignin, starch, rice husk, coconut shell powder) in epoxy composites; however, the impact of polylactide on the general characteristics of the epoxy resin has not been described so far. Therefore, this work perfectly fills the gaps in the literature and may contribute to a more widespread use of additives of natural origin, which may constitute an excellent alternative to commonly used non-renewable compounds.

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Accelerated Aging of Epoxy Biocomposites Filled with Cellulose

Abstract: From the 19th century to the present day, rail transport has played a key role in the transportation of goods and passengers [...]

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Epoxy Resin-Based Materials Containing Natural Additives of Plant Origin Dedicated to Rail Transport

Epoxy Resin-Based Materials Containing Natural Additives of Plant Origin Dedicated to Rail Transport

Effect of the Addition of Naringenin Derived from Citrus on the Properties of Epoxy Resin Compositions

Influence of a Biofiller, Polylactide, on the General Characteristics of Epoxy-Based Materials

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