Accelerated antibacterial red-carbon dots with photodynamic therapy against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Abstract

The emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a major public-health issue. Synthesis of efficient antibiotic-free material is very important for fighting bacterial infection-related diseases. Herein, red-carbon dots (R-CDs) with a broad range of spectral absorption (350–700 nm) from organic bactericides or intermediates were synthesized through a solvothermal route. The prepared R-CDs not only had intrinsic antibacterial activities, but also could kill multidrug-resistant bacteria (multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB) and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) effectively by generating reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, R-CDs could eliminate and inhibit the formation of MRAB biofilms, while conferring few side effects on normal cells. A unique property of R-CDs was demonstrated upon in vivo treatment of antibiotic-sensitive MRAB-induced infected wounds. These data suggested that this novel R-CDs-based strategy might enable the design of next-generation agents to fight drug-resistant bacteria. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s40843-021-1770-0 and is accessible for authorized users.

Fucoidan-derived carbon dots against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and infected dentinal tubules for the treatment of persistent endodontic infections

“…As a zero-dimensional nanomaterial, small-sized FDCDs easily stick to the bacterial surface, penetrate the plasma membrane, and lead to damages to intracellular biomolecules [ 43 , 47 , 56 – 58 ]. Moreover, Liu, et al revealed that the CDs could generate 1 O 2 , whereas the intrinsically antibacterial activity of CDs is also vital [ 59 ]. In our study, negatively charged FDCDs induced the formation of extracellular/intracellular ROS, which lead to the increase of oxidative stress to destroy intracellular biomolecules and then killed bacteria [ 60 – 63 ].…”

Carbon Dots for Killing Microorganisms: An Update since 2019

“…Antimicrobial CDs have also been developed by using traditional antibiotics and common antibacterial compounds as the raw materials to trade the old for the new, such as kanamycin sulfate [ 72 ], levofloxacin hydrochloride [ 73 , 74 ], quaternary ammonium compounds [ 22 , 48 , 49 , 75 , 76 ], and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid [ 77 ]. Luo et al prepared CDs (termed CDs-Kan) from kanamycin sulfate by a one-step hydrothermal method [ 72 ].…”

“…Beyond bare CDs fabricated from mushroom [ 81 ], graphite rods [ 82 ], and the poloxamer Pluronic F-68 [ 83 ], as summarized in our previous review [ 16 ], more bare CDs have been reported to possess intrinsic photodynamic characteristics, including graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g-CNQDs) [ 84 ], red-emitting CDs (R-CDs) [ 77 ], CQDs constructed from citric acid and 1,5-diaminonaphthalene by solvothermal reaction [ 85 ], nitrogen- and/or sulfur-doped CDs derived from amino acids [ 43 ], nitrogen and iodine co-doped CDs (N/I-CD) prepared by hydrothermal treatment of iohexol [ 86 ], metal-doped CDs such as zinc-doped CDs [ 87 ], copper-doped CDs [ 88 ], and terbium-doped CDs [ 89 ]. Yadav et al constructed green-fluorescent g-CNQDs from melamine and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) sodium salt via a thermal polymerization method [ 84 ].…”

“…Moreover, g-CNQDs featured low cytotoxicity—3.2 mg/mL g-CNQDs were nontoxic to fibroblast cells. Liu et al synthesized R-CDs through solvothermal treatment of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (an organic bactericide) and 6-bromo-2-naphthol [ 77 ]. R-CDs possessed both intrinsic antibacterial activity and antibacterial photodynamic activity toward multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB).…”

Potent intrinsic bactericidal activity of novel copper telluride nano-grape clusters with facile preparation

“…15,16 However, efficient ROS generation heavily relies on the proximity between nano-materials and bacteria and is limited by insufficient ROS lifespan and diffusion distance. 17,18 Therefore, higher material doses, exogenous substrates such as H 2 O 2 , and the aid of photo-therapy are often needed to further enhance the anti-bacterial efficacy of the nano-enzymes, 19,20 which introduces multiple components. A few recent studies have improved the bacterial binding and ROS generation ability of nano-constructs by the morphology design and defect engineering of nano-enzymes.…”