Accelerated Development and Toxin Tolerance of the Navel Orangeworm Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the Presence of Aspergillus flavus

Bush, Daniel S.; Siegel, Joel P.; Berenbaum, May R.

doi:10.1007/s10886-018-1027-0

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Second, the amount of insecticide present decreases over time, therefore the duration of insecticide protection (depending on the threshold of toxicity for the route assessed) is a function of both the initial deposition and degradation rate (half‐life) of the insecticide. Half‐life in turn may be affected by abiotic (UV radiation, heat) and biotic factors (chemical reactions mediated by plant tissue and the microflora present) . Although chlorantraniliprole had a long half‐life in the field, poor deposition will increase the vulnerability of the nut before harvest if the amount of insecticide present falls below the threshold for contact toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating insecticide coverage and determining its effect on the duration of control for navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in California almonds

Siegel

Strmiska²,

Walse

2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Insecticide application is essential to control navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) in California almonds (Prunus dulcis), but coverage is challenging. Laboratory and field trials were conducted from 2014 to 2017 to quantify insecticide deposition and duration of control. RESULTS:In the laboratory for filter paper, photolysis reduced the contact toxicity of bifenthrin, and its half-life was 6.2 days. For chlorantraniliprole applied in the field, there was 87-94% less insecticide deposited in the almond suture, the most vulnerable part of the nut, than on the hull. For chlorantraniliprole, adjuvant choice (alcohol ethoxylate versus mineral oil) affected both initial insecticide deposition and half-life. Chlorantraniliprole degradation was greater at 6.1 m than at 3 m for both adjuvants assessed, whereas contact mortality was similar at both heights for the alcohol ethoxylate adjuvant. CONCLUSION: The combination of photolysis and differential distribution of insecticide on the nut can account for the variable control observed in the field. This was particularly problematic in the upper canopy and adjuvant choice affected deposition and insecticide degradation. Less than 1% of the insecticide in the tank was deposited on the almond suture. These results demonstrating the fraction of the insecticide in the sprayer tank deposited on the nut target, combined with reduced coverage in the upper canopy are also applicable to the control of A. transitella in pistachio (Pistacia vera) and walnut (Juglans regia) orchards.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating insecticide coverage and determining its effect on the duration of control for navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in California almonds

Siegel

Strmiska²,

Walse

2019

Pest Management Science

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“…Several methods are under consideration in view of improving the capacity by honey bees to contrast these noxious biotic agents, including the administration of probiotics based on microbial consortia ( Borges et al, 2021 ), or single strains of bacteria and fungi, such as Aureobasidium melanogenum ( Hsu et al, 2021 ). Although beneficial fungi may be transient passengers and less important than bacteria as gut symbionts ( Decker et al, 2022 ), they can inhibit growth of other species ( Gilliam et al, 1988 ) and mediate detoxification ( Bush et al, 2018 ), thus enhancing a general honey bee resistance towards pathogens ( Yoder et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Bee Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mutualistic hypothesis is also supported by studies on other insects. As an example, A. flavus is helpful to the navel orangeworm ( Amyelois transitella ; Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) in the detoxification of xenobiotics (phytochemicals) added to the artificial diet of larvae reared in the laboratory ( Bush et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Environmental Fungi Commensals or Mutualistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspergillus-bees: A dynamic symbiotic association

Becchimanzi

Nicoletti

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Besides representing one of the most relevant threats of fungal origin to human and animal health, the genus Aspergillus includes opportunistic pathogens which may infect bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in all developmental stages. At least 30 different species of Aspergillus have been isolated from managed and wild bees. Some efficient behavioral responses (e.g., diseased brood removal) exerted by bees negatively affect the chance to diagnose the pathology, and may contribute to the underestimation of aspergillosis importance in beekeeping. On the other hand, bee immune responses may be affected by biotic and abiotic stresses and suffer from the loose co-evolutionary relationships with Aspergillus pathogenic strains. However, if not pathogenic, these hive mycobiota components can prove to be beneficial to bees, by affecting the interaction with other pathogens and parasites and by detoxifying xenobiotics. The pathogenic aptitude of Aspergillus spp. likely derives from the combined action of toxins and hydrolytic enzymes, whose effects on bees have been largely overlooked until recently. Variation in the production of these virulence factors has been observed among strains, even belonging to the same species. Toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains/species may co-exist in a homeostatic equilibrium which is susceptible to be perturbed by several external factors, leading to mutualistic/antagonistic switch in the relationships between Aspergillus and bees.

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“…Amyelois transitella has a mutualistic relationship with fungal species belonging to the genus Aspergillus that produce aflatoxins. Consequently, feeding causes direct damage to the nuts and can cause indirect damage by fungal contamination 2–5 . New crop Nonpareil almonds, which are the most valuable variety and comprise ~43% of the crop, become vulnerable during hull split (late June to mid‐July) when the suture widens, exposing the shell and/or nut; the period of vulnerability typically lasts 6–7 weeks until the nuts are shaken from the tree at harvest 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmenting sanitation with insecticides to improve control of navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in California tree nuts

Siegel

Gilcrease

2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Sanitation, consisting of eliminating unharvested nuts (mummies) that serve as both harborage and food source for navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella), is the foundation for control in almonds and pistachios. Sometimes sanitation is ineffective and needs to be augmented. Trials in almonds and pistachios were conducted early October 2005–2006 to determine if insecticides applied postharvest could augment sanitation, and in almonds late March to early May 2016–2020 to establish their duration of control. RESULTS Early October sprays reduced adult emergence by as much as 81.5% in pistachios, but reduction was only 32.4% in almonds. Trapping before almond hull split revealed that 55% of adult emergence occurred between 15 April and 1 June, indicating that an insecticide with a six week duration of control could reduce successful oviposition and neonate establishment. Five insecticides applied from late March to early May belonging to four Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) groups decreased survival for at least six weeks, and some lasted as long as 10 weeks. By contrast, the duration of control in contact bioassays was far shorter. CONCLUSION Insecticides applied from late March to early May successfully reduced the survival of A. transitella in almond mummies for as long as 10 weeks postapplication, and there was a positive relationship between reduction in survival and kernel damage. If these insecticides are applied during mid‐ to late April, postbloom and before hull split, they can substantially eliminate almond mummies as a resource for 55% of the spring flight of A. transitella.

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Accelerated Development and Toxin Tolerance of the Navel Orangeworm Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the Presence of Aspergillus flavus

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Evaluating insecticide coverage and determining its effect on the duration of control for navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in California almonds

Evaluating insecticide coverage and determining its effect on the duration of control for navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in California almonds

Aspergillus-bees: A dynamic symbiotic association

Augmenting sanitation with insecticides to improve control of navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in California tree nuts

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