Accelerated Formation of 2D Ruddlesden—Popper Perovskite Thin Films by Lewis Bases for High Efficiency Solar Cell Applications

Abstract

Various types of 2D organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells have been developed and investigated due to better electron transport behavior and environmental stability. Controlling the formation of phases in the 2D perovskite films has been considered to play an important role in influencing the stability of perovskite materials and their performance in optoelectronic applications. In this work, Lewis base urea was used as an effective additive for the formation of 2D Ruddlesden—Popper (RP) perovskite (BA)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1 thin film with mixed phases (n = 2~4). The detailed structural morphology of the 2D perovskite thin film was investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and photoluminescence mapping. The results indicated that the urea additive could facilitate the formation of 2D RP perovskite thin film with larger grain size and high crystallinity. The 2D RP perovskite thin films for solar cells exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.9% under AM 1.5G illumination at 100 mW/cm2.

Additive Engineering for Stable and Efficient Dion–Jacobson Phase Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Consequently, the efficiency of perovskite device treated with NH 4 SCN increased by over 46%, from 10.3% to 15.08%. The effectiveness of the devices treated with the NH 4 SCN addition was verified using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy [ 130 , 131 ]. To date, many pseudo-halides have been incorporated onto DJ perovskite layer in order to change the processes for PVK crystal formation and passivate crystal defects, improving PSC performance.…”

Improved exciton photoluminescence of Zn-doped quasi-2D perovskite nanocrystals and their application as luminescent materials in light-emitting devices

“…Owing to the remarkable quantum and dielectric confinement effects, Q-2D perovskites possess great exciton binding energy and high luminous efficiency. 23–26 The formation of mixed phases in the Q-2D perovskite makes the photocarriers accumulate in the recombination centers due to efficient energy funneling, which inhibits the nonradiative recombination by passivating the defect state to improve the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). 22,27–29 Recently, some research studies have been available on the photoluminescence (PL) performance of Q-2D perovskite nanocrystals (NCs).…”

Photoluminescence Modulation of Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite via Phase Distribution Regulation

“…In RPP, A’ and ABX 3 with different dielectric constants are stacked alternately to form a quantum well-like structure [ 3 ]. In theory, this structure greatly reduces the non-radiative recombination of excitons and produces high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. However, the chaotic phase in the thin film caused by varying values of n in samples leads to irregular quantum well widths, limiting further enhancement of its PLQY [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”