Accelerated Leach Test(s) Program: Annual report

Abstract

LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Page 3.1 Compositional phase diagram for the solidification of aqueous waste containing 50 wt% or less ^SQ, with portland type I cement 8 3.2 Ternary compositional phase diagram for the solidification of incinerator ash in portland type I cement 8 3.3 Sodium ion concentrations released from vinyl ester-styrene/sodiurn sulfate waste forms after 3 day immersion in deionized water at 20°C versus waste loading 10 4.1 Cumulative fraction releases from portland cement for Sr-85 and Cs-137. No release of Co-60 was detected 21 4.2 Cumulative fraction releases for Cs-137 from portland cement. Final release was 0.817 of total activity in the waste form 23 4.3 Rate of Cs-137 release from portland cement. Note the change of rate between 10 and 20 days 23 4.4 Cumulative fraction release for portland cement samples. Data only goes out to 144 days because of radioactive decay of the i sotope 24 4.5 Release rates of Sr-85 from portland cement 24 4.6 Cumulative fraction releases of Cs-137, Sr-85, Co-60 from a vinyl ester-styrene emulsion waste form 25 4.7 Cumulative fraction releases of Cs-137 from triplicate VES emulsion waste forms. Note the scale used on the y-axis makes a small difference seem large « 26 4.8 Release rates for Cs-137 from triplicate VES emulsion waste forms. The scatter at the lower right of the plot indicates larger counting errors due to low release rates 26 4.9 Cumulative fraction releases for Sr-85 from VES emulsion waste forms. These data extend only to 144 days because radioactive decay reduced the count rate to detection limit activities 27 4.10 Release rates for Sr-85 for triplicate VES emulsion samples 27 4.11 Cumulative fraction releases for Co-60 from triplicate vinyl ester-styrene emulsion samples 28-viii-LIST OF FIGURES (cont.) Figure No. Page 4.12 Release rates of Co-60 from triplicate vinyl ester-styrene samples. Scatter at the bottom right is due to relatively large counting errors resulting from low release rates 29 4.13 Cumulative fraction releases for Cs-137, Co-60 and Sr-85 from bitumen. The isotopes from this material leach at different rates, unlike those in VES emulsion samples 28 4.14 Cumulative fraction releases of Cs-137 from triplicate bitumen waste forms. Note the scale of the y-axis indicating that intersample variability is quite small 31 4.15 Release rates of Cs-137 from triplicate bitumen samples 31 4.16 Cumulative fraction releases of Sr-85 for triplicate bitumen sampl es 32 4.17 Release rates of Sr-85 for triplicate bitumen samples 32 4.18 Cumulative fraction releases of Co-60 from triplicate bitumen waste forms. Note the scale of the y-axis 33 4.19 Release rates of Co-60 from triplicate bitumen samples. The scatter at the bottom right is due to large counting errors caused by low release rates 33 4.20 Cumulative fraction releases of Cs-137 from cement, VES emulsion and bitumen samples. While VES and bitumen have similar low fraction releases that of cement is 82% of the total original activity 34 4.21 Plot of conductance (umhos/cm) versus alkalinity...

Guilt appeals in advertising: What are their effects?

“…Guilt has been researched in a number of disciplines, including philosophy (Johnson & Johnson, 1977), theology (Izard, 1977), and psychology (Dougherty, 1986; Plutchik, 1980; Wicker, Payne, & Morgan, 1983). Much of this research has suggested guilt results from “essentially private recognition that one has violated a personal standard” (Kugler & Jones, 1992, p. 318).…”

“…Similarly, manufacturers of household and children's products have used guilt appeals targeted at working mothers. Although there is evidence of the increased use of guilt appeals to induce purchasing of products, most advertising and consumer research regarding guilt appeals has been conducted in the context of changing behaviors, volunteerism, and charitable contributions (Bozinoff & Ghingold, 1983; Dougherty, 1986).…”

Assessing waste management systems using reginalt software

“…Bitumen is finding increased application in the waste management field (Sn ell man and Uotila, 1984;Dougherty et al, 1986;Mattus and Kaezmarsky, 1987). Experiments indicate that radionuclides leach less from bitumen than from concrete.…”

“…Various polymers could be appropriate as solidifying agents (Franz and Colombo, 1985;Dougherty et al, 1986;Nielson et al, 1987). Their overall suitability is based on low permeability to water, high plasticity, and favorable economics.…”

“…Several varieties of these immobilizing materials have been used successfully for low-level waste management (e.g., Dougherty and Colombo, 1985;Dougherty et al, 1986;Franz et al, 1986;Illinois Dept. of Nuclear Safety, 1986;Sturm et ah, 1986).…”