Accelerating Plastic Circularity: A Critical Assessment of the Pathways and Processes to Circular Plastics

Tan, Jovan; Jia, Shiru; Ramakrishna, Seeram

doi:10.3390/pr11051457

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Even more worrying is the increasing accumulation of microplastics in the biosphere [5]. Solving the problem of plastic waste is associated with a gradual transition to a new generation of degradable polymer materials [6,7], among which a special place belongs to polymers of microbiological origin, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Cupriavidus necator B-10646 on Saturated Fatty Acids

Zhila,

Sapozhnikova,

Kiselev

et al. 2024

Polymers

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It has been established that the wild-type Cupriavidus necator B-10646 strain uses saturated fatty acids (SFAs) for growth and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis. It uses lauric (12:0), myristic (14:0), palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0) acids as carbon sources; moreover, the elongation of the C-chain negatively affects the biomass and PHA yields. When bacteria grow on C12 and C14 fatty acids, the total biomass and PHA yields are comparable up to 7.5 g/L and 75%, respectively, which twice exceed the values that occur on longer C16 and C18 acids. Regardless of the type of SFAs, bacteria synthesize poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), which have a reduced crystallinity (Cx from 40 to 57%) and a molecular weight typical for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)) (Mw from 289 to 465 kDa), and obtained polymer samples demonstrate melting and degradation temperatures with a gap of about 100 °C. The ability of bacteria to assimilate SFAs opens up the possibility of attracting the synthesis of PHAs on complex fat-containing substrates, including waste.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Cupriavidus necator B-10646 on Saturated Fatty Acids

Zhila,

Sapozhnikova,

Kiselev

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…Thus, the adoption of zero-waste circular economy (CE) approach within the plastic packaging sector is recognized as a crucial stride toward its tangible realization [ 11 , 13 , 30 ]. In accordance, the acceleration of plastic circularity has attracted a lot of interest from governments, policymakers, and intergovernmental organizations, as well in the research literature of the last years [ 11 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Furthermore, it should be mentioned that, in addition to recycling solutions, improving consumer behavior is the key to promoting PET circularity.…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Recycled by Catalytic Glycolysis: A Bridge toward Circular Economy Principles

Enache,

Grecu,

Samoila

2024

Materials

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Plastic pollution has escalated into a critical global issue, with production soaring from 2 million metric tons in 1950 to 400.3 million metric tons in 2022. The packaging industry alone accounts for nearly 44% of this production, predominantly utilizing polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Alarmingly, over 90% of the approximately 1 million PET bottles sold every minute end up in landfills or oceans, where they can persist for centuries. This highlights the urgent need for sustainable management and recycling solutions to mitigate the environmental impact of PET waste. To better understand PET’s behavior and promote its management within a circular economy, we examined its chemical and physical properties, current strategies in the circular economy, and the most effective recycling methods available today. Advancing PET management within a circular economy framework by closing industrial loops has demonstrated benefits such as reduced landfill waste, minimized energy consumption, and conserved raw resources. To this end, we identified and examined various strategies based on R-imperatives (ranging from 3R to 10R), focusing on the latest approaches aimed at significantly reducing PET waste by 2040. Additionally, a comparison of PET recycling methods (including primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary recycling, along with the concepts of “zero-order” and biological recycling techniques) was envisaged. Particular attention was paid to the heterogeneous catalytic glycolysis, which stands out for its rapid reaction time (20–60 min), high monomer yields (>90%), ease of catalyst recovery and reuse, lower costs, and enhanced durability. Accordingly, the use of highly efficient oxide-based catalysts for PET glycolytic degradation is underscored as a promising solution for large-scale industrial applications.

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“…The accumulation of plastic waste obtained from non-renewable resources creates a global environmental problem [2,3]. The solution to the problem of plastic waste is associated with the need to recycle it, despite the high associated costs [4]. According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) [5], the organization and implementation of the plastic cycle on a global scale will significantly reduce the pollution of the biosphere with plastic waste and will help to reduce the greenhouse footprint and greenhouse-gas emissions in the global plastic life cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Degradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesized from New Waste Fish Oils (WFOs)

Zhila,

Kiselev,

Volkov

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The synthesis of PHA was first investigated using WFOs obtained from smoked-sprat heads, substandard fresh sprats, and fresh mackerel heads and backbones. All the WFOs ensured the growth of the wild-type strain Cupriavidus necator B-10646 and the synthesis of PHA, regardless of the degree of lipid saturation (from 0.52 to 0.65) and the set and ratio of fatty acids (FA), which was represented by acids with chain lengths from C14 to C24. The bacterial biomass concentration and PHA synthesis were comparable (4.1–4.6 g/L and about 70%) when using WFO obtained from smoked-sprat heads and fresh mackerel, and it was twice as high as the bacterial biomass concentration from the fresh sprat waste. This depended on the type of WFO, the bacteria synthesized P(3HB) homopolymer or P(3HB-co-3HV-co-3HHx) copolymer, which had a lower degree of crystallinity (Cx 71%) and a lower molecular weight (Mn 134 kDa) compared to the P(3HB) (Mn 175–209 kDa and Cx 74–78%) at comparable temperatures (Tmelt and Tdegr of 158–168 °C and 261–284 °C, respectively). The new types of WFO, studied for the first time, are suitable as a carbon substrates for PHA synthesis. The WFOs obtained in the production of canned Baltic sprat and Baltic mackerel can be considered a promising and renewable substrate for PHA biosynthesis.

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Accelerating Plastic Circularity: A Critical Assessment of the Pathways and Processes to Circular Plastics

Cited by 11 publications

References 101 publications

Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Cupriavidus necator B-10646 on Saturated Fatty Acids

Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Cupriavidus necator B-10646 on Saturated Fatty Acids

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Recycled by Catalytic Glycolysis: A Bridge toward Circular Economy Principles

Properties of Degradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesized from New Waste Fish Oils (WFOs)

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