Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high specific surface area, permanent porosity and extreme modifiability have great potential for gas storage and separation applications. Considering the theoretically nearly infinite variety of MOFs, it is difficult but necessary to achieve high-throughput computational screening (HTCS) of high-performance MOFs for specific applications. Machine learning (ML) is a field of computer science where one of its research directions is the effective use of information in a big data environment, focusing on obtaining hidden, valid and understandable knowledge from huge amounts of data, and has been widely used in materials research. This paper firstly briefly introduces the MOFs databases and related algorithms for ML, followed by a detailed review of the research progress on HTCS of MOFs based on ML according to four classes of descriptors, including geometrical, chemical, topological and energy-based, for gas storage and separation, and finally a related outlook is presented. This paper aims to deepen readers' understanding of ML-based MOF research, and to provide some inspirations and help for related research.