Accelerating the Domestication of New Crops: Feasibility and Approaches

Østerberg, Jeppe Thulin; Xiang, Wen; Olsen, Lene Irene; Edenbrandt, Anna Kristina; Vedel, Suzanne Elizabeth; Christiansen, Andreas; Landes, Xavier; Andersen, Martin Marchman; Pagh, Peter; Sandøe, Peter; Nielsen, John; Christensen, Søren Brøgger; Thorsen, Bo Jellesmark; Kappel, Klemens; Gamborg, Christian; Palmgren, Michael G.

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2017.01.004

Cited by 129 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…We anticipate that the proof-of-concept AtFT expression in cassava will also become instrumental to either facilitate introgression of improved traits or accelerate domestication of wild Manihot species. For example, there is tremendous scope to utilize CRISPR-Cas9 for genome editing of domestication genes in parallel to accelerated flowering lines, the progeny of which can be screened for null mutants for the transgene but which have improved traits [33]. The development of crop varieties using these new techniques offers an opportunity to improve agricultural diversity and sustainability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLOWERING LOCUS T Triggers Early and Fertile Flowering in Glasshouse Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

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Alder

Barsan

et al. 2017

Plants

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Accelerated breeding of plant species has the potential to help challenge environmental and biochemical cues to support global crop security. We demonstrate the over-expression of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T in Agrobacterium-mediated transformed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz; cultivar 60444) to trigger early flowering in glasshouse-grown plants. An event seldom seen in a glasshouse environment, precocious flowering and mature inflorescence were obtained within 4–5 months from planting of stem cuttings. Manual pollination using pistillate and staminate flowers from clonal propagants gave rise to viable seeds that germinated into morphologically typical progeny. This strategy comes at a time when accelerated crop breeding is of increasing importance to complement progressive genome editing techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLOWERING LOCUS T Triggers Early and Fertile Flowering in Glasshouse Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Bull

Alder

Barsan

et al. 2017

Plants

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“…Clearly, the effectiveness of different breeding approaches will depend on the varying underlying basis of trait evolution (Østerberg et al ., ). Applying knockout CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to new and orphan crop gene orthologues of known cross‐crop, large‐effect, initial ‘domestication’ genes, for which change has often been associated with loss‐of‐function mutations, seems advisable.…”

Section: Approaches For Genetic Improvementmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In particular, it is evident that the central bridging positioning of orphan crops provides unique opportunities for investigating genetic improvement approaches that both support de novo domestications and major crop ‘rewildings’ ( sensu Palmgren et al ., ). In the case of new domestications, for example, it is important to understand how effectively crop development can be driven by the knockout of candidate domestication‐related genes, using modern gene editing technologies (Østerberg et al ., ). If a comparison of the gene sequences of an orphan crop's widely prevalent extant wild progenitors and farmed semidomesticates indicates that the latter's development was based on loss‐of‐function mutations of fundamental domestication genes, a knockout approach to domestication could be successfully applied to the wide extant wild germplasm base of (putative) new crops and could, if desired, be first further practically tested on orphan crops.…”

Section: Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In addition, policy issues related to the use of genetic technologies, such as the effective application of the Nagoya Protocol (on access to, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilisation of, genetic resources), also need to be addressed for new and orphan crops (e.g. Østerberg et al, 2017;Halewood et al, 2018). These aspects, while outside the scope of the current review, are also of high importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of genetics in mainstreaming the production of new and orphan crops to diversify food systems and support human nutrition

et al. 2019

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Summary Especially in low‐income nations, new and orphan crops provide important opportunities to improve diet quality and the sustainability of food production, being rich in nutrients, capable of fitting into multiple niches in production systems, and relatively adapted to low‐input conditions. The evolving space for these crops in production systems presents particular genetic improvement requirements that extensive gene pools are able to accommodate. Particular needs for genetic development identified in part with plant breeders relate to three areas of fundamental importance for addressing food production and human demographic trends and associated challenges, namely: facilitating integration into production systems; improving the processability of crop products; and reducing farm labour requirements. Here, we relate diverse involved target genes and crop development techniques. These techniques include transgressive methods that involve defining exemplar crop models for effective new and orphan crop improvement pathways. Research on new and orphan crops not only supports the genetic improvement of these crops, but they serve as important models for understanding crop evolutionary processes more broadly, guiding further major crop evolution. The bridging position of orphan crops between new and major crops provides unique opportunities for investigating genetic approaches for de novo domestications and major crop ‘rewildings’.

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“…This broadening interest in cassava led to a 60% increase in global harvest between 2000 and 2012 ( 2 ). However, with climate change and a world population projected to exceed 9 billion by 2050, there is a continual need to produce and distribute elite crop varieties, including cassava, to improve yields and adaptation ( 5 , 6 ). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated ex situ breeding of GBSS - and PTST1 -edited cassava for modified starch

et al. 2018

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Accelerating the Domestication of New Crops: Feasibility and Approaches

Cited by 129 publications

References 75 publications

FLOWERING LOCUS T Triggers Early and Fertile Flowering in Glasshouse Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

FLOWERING LOCUS T Triggers Early and Fertile Flowering in Glasshouse Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

The role of genetics in mainstreaming the production of new and orphan crops to diversify food systems and support human nutrition

Accelerated ex situ breeding of GBSS - and PTST1 -edited cassava for modified starch

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