Acceleration slope of exercise-induced impacts is a determinant of changes in bone density

Heikkinen, R.; Vihriälä, Erkki; Vainionpää, Aki; Korpelainen, Raija; Jämsä, Timo

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.02.003

Cited by 41 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This result correlates with many other studies which also show the positive influence of physical activity on BMD (Miller et al, 2007;Heikkinen, Vihriala, Vainionpaa, Korpelainen & Jamsa, 2007;Rautava et al, 2007). There are, however, some studies which dispute this.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Although this increase in BMD may offer some protection against osteoporosis and fractures later on in life (Rautava et al, 2007;Heikkinen et al, 2007; Egbunike, Wood and Grant 665 Villareal et al, 2006), Rautava et al (2007) confirm in their study that bone gain induced by exercise is not permanent without sustained physical activity throughout life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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The effect of a 12-week exercise programme on bone mineral density in young South African females

Egbunike¹,

Wood²,

Grant³

2010

Af. J. Phys, Health Edu. Rec. & Dance

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A longer lifespan has increased the emphasis on bone health, which is often compromised with age. Studies have shown that exercise yields a positive influence on bone mineral density (BMD), especially when done during the early years of life (second to third decades). A 12-week study was undertaken using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to assess changes in BMD (total, lumbar and neck of the femur) in 70 females (mean age 20.1 years) before and after a 12-week intense exercise programme. The exercise programme consisted of a daily 5 km run and two isolated resistance exercises for each body region. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine if any changes took place after the intervention. Statistically significant increases occurred in only the BMD of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) (2.54%) and neck of the femur (NOF) (9.35%), with clinical significance shown only in the NOF, as the increase was greater than 7%. This study's results thus indicate that a relatively short intense intervention of 12 weeks can improve BMD in young women, thereby possibly assisting in preventing osteoporosis and fractures later on in life. Further studies are recommended to determine the minimum time needed to achieve a clinically significant change in the total BMD as well as the lumbar spine BMD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

The effect of a 12-week exercise programme on bone mineral density in young South African females

Egbunike¹,

Wood²,

Grant³

2010

Af. J. Phys, Health Edu. Rec. & Dance

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“…Jogging and running consistently surpassed the threshold of 1000 m . s -3 indicating that adaptations due to this variable might be similar [24]. Acceleration gradients remained similar across treadmill conditions whereas acceleration peaks showed a large reduction during the NMT condition, this may have been caused by a shift in NMT kinematics which preserved the gradient of the acceleration on ground contact but cushioned the magnitude of the acceleration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Acceleration peak was established as the immediate impact peak following ground contact. Acceleration gradient was calculated as the slope from the point of ground contact to the acceleration peak [24] and cycle time was calculated as the duration between right foot ground contacts upon landing. Acceleration peak, acceleration gradient and cycle time were averaged across 8 cycles per trial.…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tibial impacts and muscle activation during walking, jogging and running when performed overground, and on motorised and non-motorised treadmills

et al. 2016

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Please cite this article as: Montgomery G, Abt G, Dobson C, Smith T, Ditroilo M.Tibial impacts and muscle activation during walking, jogging and running when performed overground, and on motorised and non-motorised treadmills.Gait and Posture http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.gaitpost.2016.06.037 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.  Non-motorised treadmill locomotion increases lower limb muscular activation. Non-motorised treadmill locomotion decreases cycle time/increases step frequency. AbstractPurpose: To examine tibial acceleration and muscle activation during overground (OG), motorised treadmill (MT) and non-motorised treadmill conditions (NMT) when walking, jogging and running at matched velocities.Methods: An accelerometer recorded acceleration at the mid-tibia and surface EMG electrodes recorded rectus femoris (RF), semitendinosus (ST), tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SL) muscle activation during OG, MT and NMT locomotion whilst walking, jogging and running.Results: The NMT produced large reductions in tibial acceleration when compared with OG and MT conditions across walking, jogging and running conditions. RF EMG was small-moderately higher in the NMT condition when compared with the OG and MT conditions across walking, jogging and running conditions. ST EMG showed large and very large increases in the NMT when compared to OG and MT conditions during walking whilst SL EMG found large increases on the NMT when compared to OG and MT conditions during running. The NMT condition generated very large increases in step frequency when compared to OG and MT conditions during walking, with large and very large decreases during jogging and very large decreases during running. Conclusions:The NMT generates large reductions in tibial acceleration, moderate to very large increases in muscular activation and large to very large decreases in cycle time when compared to OG and MT locomotion. Whilst this may decrease the osteogenic potential of NMT locomotion, there may be uses for NMTs during rehabilitation for lower limb injuries.

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“…Physical activity is of primary importance to reach optimal peak bone mass and decrease arterial stiffness, an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis. Exercising that incorporates levels of whole body accelerations exceeding 3.9 g at a frequency of 100 per day has been shown to have positive effects on cardiovascular fitness, femoral bone density and balance (Jämsä et al, 2006;Vainionpää et al, 2006;Heikkinen et al, 2007). These acceleration levels are normally reported in activities such as running or jumping, which may be appropriate for middle aged and younger individuals, but may be more difficult for many older people or those with chronic lower limb injuries to achieve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoporosis and Arterial Stiffness: Effects of Exercise Training

Okamoto¹

2012

Osteoporosis

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Acceleration slope of exercise-induced impacts is a determinant of changes in bone density

Cited by 41 publications

References 34 publications

The effect of a 12-week exercise programme on bone mineral density in young South African females

The effect of a 12-week exercise programme on bone mineral density in young South African females

Tibial impacts and muscle activation during walking, jogging and running when performed overground, and on motorised and non-motorised treadmills

Osteoporosis and Arterial Stiffness: Effects of Exercise Training

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