Accelerator and Target Technology for Accelerator Driven Transmutation and Energy Production

Abderrahim, Hamid Aı̈t; Galambos, J.; Gohar, Y.; Henderson, S.; Lawrence, G.P.; McManamy, T.J.; Nagaitsev, Sergei; Nolen, Janice; Pitcher, E.; Rimmer, Robert; Sheffield, R.L.; Todosow, M.

doi:10.2172/1847382

Cited by 37 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The energetic protons produced by the proton accelerator is utilized by the spallation target for generating neutrons via spallation reactions. Therefore, a spallation target must have the following characteristics [8][9]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the basic of spallation target for accelerator driven system

Pudjorahardjo

Sujitno

Suprapto

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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A study on the basic of spallation target for Accelerator Driven System (ADS) has been done. ADS is a subcritical assembly combined with a high-power proton accelerator. In the center of the subcritical assembly, there is a spallation target for producing primary neutrons that will be multiplied by the subcritical core surrounding it. The neutrons are produced via spallation reaction which occurs when the spallation target is bombarded by high-energy protons. The spallation target has to be designed so that the number of neutrons escaping from the target per incident proton is maximum and the power density deposited on it is high (~1 MW/litter). The spallation target can be made of a solid or liquid material such as Pb, Hg, U, W, Ta, or Pb-Bi which are the most preferred materials for spallation targets. But, today Pb-Bi is the reference material for ADS applications. The spallation target has a large thermal load due to the conversion of about 10 MW proton into a neutron. Therefore, the target needs a cooling system; there are two options that can be considered i.e., cooling by means of the subcritical reactor primary system coolant and cooling by means of an independent loop.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the basic of spallation target for accelerator driven system

Pudjorahardjo

Sujitno

Suprapto

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Therefore, the understanding of the beam dynamics and, the knowledge of the detailed beam distribution especially at the extraction region, is one of the key points to be addressed especially if power levels increase in future projects [2].…”

Section: Towards Realistic High Power Cyclotron Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We now discuss these issues related to the PSI Ring cyclotron which however can be considered universal for high power cyclotrons, and hence are certainly important for future high intensity related projects [2].…”

Section: Towards Realistic High Power Cyclotron Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two very recent papers demonstrate this fact: 1) The search for CP violation in the Neutrino sector [1] calls ultimately for three machines in the megawatt range at an energy of 800 MeV. 2) in [2], a white paper on Accelerator and Target Technology for Accelerator Driven Transmutation and Energy Production the cyclotron technology is advertised, quote: On the whole, the development status of accelerators is well advanced, and beam powers of up to 10 MW for cyclotrons and 100 MW for linacs now appear to be feasible ..... This report will briefly introduce OPAL, a tool for precise beam dynamics simulations including 3D space charge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Towards quantitative simulations of high power proton cyclotrons

Adelmann

Dölling

et al. 2011

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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We describe a large scale simulation effort using Object Oriented Parallel Accelerator Library, that leads to a better quantitative understanding of the existing Paul Scherrer Institut high power proton cyclotron facility. The 1.3 MW of beam power on target poses stringent constraints on the controlled and uncontrolled beam losses. We present initial conditions for the Ring simulation, obtained from the new time-structure measurement and the many profile monitors of the 72 MeV transfer line. A trim coil model is developed, including trim coil TC15, which is needed to avoid the dangerous r ¼ 2 z resonance. By properly selecting the injection position and angle (eccentric injection), the flattop voltage, and phase, very good agreement between simulations and measurements at the radial probe RRE4 is obtained. We report on 3-4 orders of magnitude in dynamic range when comparing simulations with measurements. The relation between beam intensity, rms beam size, and accelerating voltage is studied and compared with measurement. The demonstrated capabilities are mandatory in the design and operation of the next generation high power proton drivers. In an outlook we discuss our future plans to include more physics into the model, which eventually leads to an even larger dynamic range in the simulation.

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“…Its goal is to build a megawatt grade ADS demonstration facility in Huizhou, Guangdong [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. 90 Sr 137 Cs ADS consists of three sub-systems: proton accelerator, spallation target and sub-critical reactor [19][20][21][22]. As the accelerator and the reactor are coupled by the spallation target, the spallation reaction plays an important role in ADS [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the cross-sections of isotopes produced in deuteron-induced spallation of long-lived fission products *

Yang

Jin

et al. 2019

Chinese Phys. C

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The spallation cross-section data for the long-lived fission products (LLFPs) are scarce but required for the design of accelerator driven systems. In this paper, the isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics model and the statistical code GEMINI are applied to simulate deuteron-induced spallation in the energy region of GeV/nucleon. By comparing the calculations with the experimental data, the applicability of the model is verified. The model is then applied to simulate the spallation of 90Sr, 93Zr, 107Pd, and 137Cs induced by deuterons at 200, 500 and 1000 MeV/nucleon. The cross-sections of isotopes, the cross-sections of long-lived nuclei, and the reaction energy are presented. Using the above observables, the feasibility of LLFP transmutation by spallation is discussed.

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Accelerator and Target Technology for Accelerator Driven Transmutation and Energy Production

Cited by 37 publications

References 3 publications

Study on the basic of spallation target for accelerator driven system

Study on the basic of spallation target for accelerator driven system

Towards quantitative simulations of high power proton cyclotrons

Prediction of the cross-sections of isotopes produced in deuteron-induced spallation of long-lived fission products *

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