Acceptability envelope for metal hydride-based hydrogen storage systems

Corgnale, Claudio; Hardy, B.J.; Tamburello, David; Garrison, Stephen L.; Anton, Donald L.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.07.037

Cited by 55 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Expansion and contraction of the material during absorption and desorption was assumed to be equal to 15% of the initial volume under the totally desorbed state [2]. The thermal conductivity value was assessed based on the data and information available in References [21][22][23]. Thermal conductivity values on the order of 5-10 W/m·K are reported when expanded natural graphite is mixed with the material in quantities on the order of about 10 wt %.…”

Section: Initial Downselected Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis of High-Pressure Metal Hydride Compression Systems

Corgnale¹,

Sulic²

2018

Metals

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Traditional high-pressure mechanical compressors account for over half of the car station's cost, have insufficient reliability, and are not feasible for a large-scale fuel cell market. An alternative technology, employing a two-stage, hybrid system based on electrochemical and metal hydride compression technologies, represents an excellent alternative to conventional compressors. The high-pressure stage, operating at 100-875 bar, is based on a metal hydride thermal system. A techno-economic analysis of the metal hydride system is presented and discussed. A model of the metal hydride system was developed, integrating a lumped parameter mass and energy balance model with an economic model. A novel metal hydride heat exchanger configuration is also presented, based on minichannel heat transfer systems, allowing for effective high-pressure compression. Several metal hydrides were analyzed and screened, demonstrating that one selected material, namely (Ti 0.97 Zr 0.03 ) 1.1 Cr 1.6 Mn 0.4 , is likely the best candidate material to be employed for high-pressure compressors under the specific conditions. System efficiency and costs were assessed based on the properties of currently available materials at industrial levels. Results show that the system can reach pressures on the order of 875 bar with thermal power provided at approximately 150 • C. The system cost is comparable with the current mechanical compressors and can be reduced in several ways as discussed in the paper.

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Section: Initial Downselected Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis of High-Pressure Metal Hydride Compression Systems

Corgnale¹,

Sulic²

2018

Metals

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“…COMSOL, a commercial partial differential equation solver [28] was used to evaluate numerical computations to solve multiple physics reaction processes as described by Equations (2)- (6). For the fin material, aluminum 2024 T6 (thermal conductivity: 177 W/m¨K) was selected, while the thermal conductivity of LaNi 5 powder was set to a value of 2 W/m¨K, and the H 2 supply pressure valued at 1.013 MPa.…”

Section: Hydriding Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposal to implement transportable energy storage technologies such as the metal hydride reactor with rapid hydrogen absorption is a very lucrative pursuit. Effective energy-storage methods offer the capability of increasing the energy storage periods up to more than one week in many cases, with even longer-term storage solutions available, specifically when using metal hydride reactor systems to increase the level of efficiency when using hydrogen as a fuel source [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Internal Cooling Fins for Metal Hydride Reactors

Kukkapalli

Kim

2016

Energies

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Metal hydride alloys are considered as a promising alternative to conventional hydrogen storage cylinders and mechanical hydrogen compressors. Compared to storing in a classic gas tank, metal hydride alloys can store hydrogen at nearly room pressure and use less volume to store the same amount of hydrogen. However, this hydrogen storage method necessitates an effective way to reject the heat released from the exothermic hydriding reaction. In this paper, a finned conductive insert is adopted to improve the heat transfer in the cylindrical reactor. The fins collect the heat that is volumetrically generated in LaNi 5 metal hydride alloys and deliver it to the channel located in the center, through which a refrigerant flows. A multiple-physics modeling is performed to analyze the transient heat and mass transfer during the hydrogen absorption process. Fin design is made to identify the optimum shape of the finned insert for the best heat rejection. For the shape optimization, use of a predefined transient heat generation function is proposed. Simulations show that there exists an optimal length for the fin geometry.

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“…E.g., for larger tube diameters the temperature at the center will decrease due to the endothermic reaction, thus, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid will not represent the temperature of the material, consequently the assumption of constant T and P is not valid any more. For the case of an annular ring filled with CxH material, the temperature decrease between the heat transfer fluid and the temperature T 2 at the GPSL, can be calculated analytically according to the following equation [17], assuming a constant heat flux due to the endothermal desorption reaction of a constant H 2 flow rate from the CxH material,…”

Section: Analytical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations on the H2 desorption process for a combination reactor based on metal and complex hydrides

Bürger

Bhouri

Linder

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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a b s t r a c tHydrogen storage systems based on the combination reactor concept are promising for application of future complex hydride materials with high storage capacities and low reaction kinetics at moderate operating temperatures. In such reactors, a fast reacting metal hydride is added to a complex hydride material in a separate compartment of the tank combining the advantages of the high storage capacity of the complex hydride with the high reaction rate of the metal hydride. In the present publication, three issues regarding the desorption performance of such a reactor are discussed based on analytical considerations and 1D simulations.First, it is studied whether the optimal reactor design based on a tubular geometry that has been previously determined for the absorption reaction also enables satisfying desorption performances. It can be concluded from the corresponding simulations that based on the properties of the present reference materials LaNi 4.3 Al 0.4 Mn 0.7 and 2 LiNH 2 e1.1 MgH 2 e0.1LiBH 4 e3 wt.% ZrCoH 3, the hydrogen desorption performance of the materials in this reaction geometry is good. Second, it is shown that besides the geometry of the reactor, also its module size is important, as it can be crucial for the thermal management during the desorption. A methodology was developed that allows to analytically determine a first estimate for the best minimum module size configuration e only based on the desorption rate of the basic material. This approach is confirmed by time dependent 1D simulations applying a validated model for the reference materials. Third, the influence of a realistic periodic desorption load on the performance of a combination reactor is studied. The results clearly show that since the addition of a MeH material enables much smaller module sizes, it is advantageous for the thermal management of complex hydride based reactors and increases their flexibility.

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Acceptability envelope for metal hydride-based hydrogen storage systems

Cited by 55 publications

References 25 publications

Techno-Economic Analysis of High-Pressure Metal Hydride Compression Systems

Techno-Economic Analysis of High-Pressure Metal Hydride Compression Systems

Optimization of Internal Cooling Fins for Metal Hydride Reactors

Considerations on the H2 desorption process for a combination reactor based on metal and complex hydrides

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