“…Specifi cally, one major line of research has developed through using "type of intervention" as an independent variable (Elliott, 1988;Reimers et al, 1987). For example, several studies (Elliott, Witt, Galvin, & Peterson, 1984;Kazdin, 1980;Witt, Elliott, & Martens, 1984;Witt & Robbins, 1985) have determined that positive treatments (e.g., treatments using praise, differential reinforcement, or token economies) are consistently rated by a variety of consumers (i.e., parents, teachers) as more acceptable than negative treatments (e.g., response-cost, time out, or loss of privileges).…”