Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Model, processes and outcomes

Hayes, Steven C.; Luoma, Jason B.; Bond, Frank W.; Masuda, Akihiko; Lillis, Jason

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006

Cited by 4,795 publications

(4,613 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Running head: Psychological flexibility in CFS/ME 13 Findings support our hypothesis that in a CFS/ME population, PF processes, QoL and fatigue severity may significantly improve after an interdisciplinary treatment programme. It suggests a potential role for PF in programmes designed to improve quality of life for people living with CFS/ME.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…PF is defined as an overarching process of being able to accept the presence of both unwanted and wanted experiences, using this awareness to choose whether to change or persist in behaviour in response to those experiences, depending on what is most adaptive and functional for a meaningful life [11]. Mindfulness, the act of purposefully connecting with present moment experiences, fully and without judgement, is Running head: Psychological flexibility in CFS/ME 5 thought to enable PF processes [12,13]. It can be considered a platform for the development of PF, in which self-awareness and exploration from paying attention is related to cognitive defusion and acceptance, to influence purposeful behavioural choices [14,15].…”

Section: Psychological Flexibility (Pf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through intervention approaches patients learn over time to manage their energy through effectual behaviour change, reducing fatigue severity [16,17]. The most recent behaviour change model of PF [18] constitutes six related aspects: i) 'Cognitive defusion' (a process through which experiences become less dominated by thoughts, language and verbalised rules); ii) 'Acceptance' (making room for unwanted experiences and creating space to engage with bodily sensations); iii)'Contact with the present moment' (ability to fully engage with current experiences without focus on past or future events); iv) 'Self as context' (experiences of the present moment are defined by 'pure awareness', or the 'observing self'); v)'Values' (desires that can be reflected in our behaviour and relate to goals); vi) 'Committed action' (carrying out effective behaviours that are in line with and guided by our values) [12,13,19]. Mindfulness is a wellbeing strategy used alone or as part of other psychological interventions [20,21] and links to the first four of these six PF core processes [22].…”

Section: Psychological Flexibility (Pf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced psychological flexibility and improved quality of life in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis

Densham

Williams

Johnson

et al. 2016

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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Objective: Psychological Flexibility (PF) is a relatively new concept in physical health. It can be defined as an overarching process of being able to accept the presence of wanted/unwanted experiences, choosing whether to change or persist in behaviour in response to those experiences. Associations between processes of PF and quality of life (QoL) have been found in long-term health conditions such as chronic pain, PF has not yet been applied to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). Methods:Changes in PF, fatigue severity and QoL were examined in one hundred and sixtyfive patients with CFS/ME engaged in a six-week outpatient interdisciplinary group treatment programme. Participants were assessed using a series of self-report measures at the start of the start (T1) and end of a six-week programme (T2) and at six months follow up (T3).Results: Significant changes in PF and QoL were observed from pre-treatment (T1) to post treatment follow-up (T2 and T3); changes in fatigue severity were observed from T1 to T3 only. Controlling for fatigue severity, changes in the PF dimension of activity/occupational engagement were associated with improvement in QoL at six month follow up (T3) but not at six weeks post programme (T2). Conclusion:Findings indicate an interdisciplinary group treatment approach for people with CFS/ME may be associated with improved QoL, processes of PF and fatigue severity, supporting a link between PF and long term health conditions. Results highlight links Running head: Psychological flexibility in CFS/ME 3 between PF and patient QoL in CFS/ME and the value of interdisciplinary treatment approaches in this patient population. Keywords

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Psychological Flexibility (Pf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychological Flexibility (Pf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced psychological flexibility and improved quality of life in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis

Densham

Williams

Johnson

et al. 2016

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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“…Unique to the ACT model of psychopathology, however, is the identification of psychological inflexibility as a key barrier to engaging in values-consistent behavior. Psychological inflexibility is a pattern in which behavior is controlled by verbal contingencies to such an extent that effective environmental control is reduced (e.g., Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, & Lillis, 2006). Processes relevant to this pattern include cognitive fusion (in which behavior is regulated by rules that are insensitive to changes in contingencies) and experiential avoidance (attempts to alter the form or frequency of private events) among others (see Hayes et al for a full review).…”

Section: Values In the Act Clinical Arenamentioning

confidence: 99%

In search of meaning: Values in modern clinical behavior analysis

et al. 2009

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Skinner described behavior analysis as the field of values and purpose. However, he defined these concepts in terms of a history of reinforcement and failed to specify whether and how human and nonhuman values might differ. Human values have been seen as theoretically central within a number of nonbehavioral traditions in psychology, including humanism and positive psychology. However, these approaches have failed to provide explanations of the behaviorenvironment relations involved in valuing that might allow prediction and influence with respect to this phenomenon. Modern clinical behavior analysis in the form of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), however, succeeds in providing a functional definition of human values that meets this latter criterion. ACT is rooted in behavior analysis and relational frame theory (RFT) and defines values in terms of verbally established motivation. ACT empirical research into values has begun to blossom in recent years, and ACT-RFT researchers are currently investigating the concept at the most basic empirical level as well as in the applied clinical arena, heralding new interest in and insight into values within clinical behavioral psychology.

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“…The acceptance of the world following traumatic events indicates changes in views on self, others, and the world (Janoff-Bulman, 2004); this will relieve negative psychological reactions (Åkerblom, Perrin, Fischer, & McCracken, 2015), and enhance posttraumatic event adjustment (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, & Lillis, 2006). This in turn will relieve academic burnout.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and control beliefs as the predictors of academic burnout amongst adolescents following the Wenchuan Earthquake

Zhou

2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Previous studies indicate that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and control beliefs can affect burnout and their unique role in this situation has been examined, but fewer studies have examined their combined role in adolescent’s academic burnout following traumatic events. Objective: This study examined the combined effect of PTSD symptom severity and control beliefs on academic burnout among adolescents, and assessed the moderating role of primary and secondary control beliefs in the relation between PTSD symptom severity and academic burnout. Methods: Seven hundred and forty-five adolescents were investigated using self-report questionnaires, and a series of regression equations examined the impact of PTSD severity and control beliefs on academic burnout. Results: PTSD symptom severity is associated positively with academic burnout, while primary and secondary control beliefs have a negative relation with academic burnout. In addition, primary control beliefs buffer the positive effects of PTSD symptom severity on academic burnout. We found that the positive relation between PTSD symptom severity and academic burnout in the low primary control beliefs group is more intense than that found in the high primary control beliefs group. Conclusions: PTSD symptom severity is a risk factor, whereas primary and secondary control beliefs are protective factors in academic burnout. In addition, PTSD symptom severity and primary control beliefs have a combined effect on academic burnout in adolescents following natural disasters.

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Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Model, processes and outcomes

Cited by 4,795 publications

References 79 publications

Enhanced psychological flexibility and improved quality of life in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis

Enhanced psychological flexibility and improved quality of life in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis

In search of meaning: Values in modern clinical behavior analysis

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and control beliefs as the predictors of academic burnout amongst adolescents following the Wenchuan Earthquake

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