Acceptance- and imagery-based strategies can reduce chocolate cravings: A test of the elaborated-intrusion theory of desire

Schumacher, Sophie; Kemps, Eva; Tiggemann, Marika

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.012

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These findings fail to support our 399 hypothesis, based on the elaborated intrusion theory of desire (Kavanagh et al, The results also fail to support our hypothesis, based on the grounded 409 cognition theory of desire (Papies et al 2017), that decentering would be more 410 effective at reducing craving compared to guided imagery. Decentering has not 411 previously been directly contrasted with guided imagery, though in keeping with 412 the current findings Schumacher et al (2017) found similar reductions in 413 chocolate cravings following both guided imagery and decentering. Nevertheless,414 in contrast to the current findings, in a second study Schumacher et al found 415 significant reductions in chocolate craving following decentering but not guided 416 imagery.…”

supporting

confidence: 76%

The effect of a mindfulness-based decentering strategy on chocolate craving

Tapper

Turner

2018

Appetite

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According to the elaborated-intrusion theory of desire, strategies that load visual working memory will reduce cravings. According to the grounded cognition theory of desire, cravings will be reduced with mindfulness-based decentering strategies that encourage individuals to see their thoughts as thoughts. However, decentering strategies also tend to load visual working memory making it difficult to test the latter prediction. This study addressed this issue by matching visualization across decentering and guided imagery tasks. Male and female participants (n = 101) underwent a chocolate craving induction before listening to a 4-min audio recording that guided them to (a) decenter from their thoughts and feelings, (b) engage in visualization, or (c) let their mind wander. Participants reported on chocolate craving before and after the craving induction and following the 4-min recording. They also provided retrospective reports of craving during the recording, reported on the extent to which they had adhered to the audio instructions and briefly indicated what they had been thinking about during the recording. Results showed a significant reduction in cravings to baseline following the recording across all three conditions (p < .001), but no significant differences between conditions or in the retrospective reports of craving. There was some evidence to suggest that participants in the mind wandering condition had been thinking about alternate goals, which may have inhibited thoughts about chocolate and been just as effective at reducing craving as the imagery and decentering strategies. Exploratory analyses showed a trend toward decentering being more effective than imagery where participants reported higher task adherence throughout the 4 min (p = .067). This raises the possibility that decentering effects may be improved with better strategy adherence, which might be achieved through practice or increased motivation.

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supporting

confidence: 76%

The effect of a mindfulness-based decentering strategy on chocolate craving

Tapper

Turner

2018

Appetite

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“…This hypothesis was confirmed. Results revealed that Facebook desire (collapsed across conditions) increased from T1 (M = 3.22, SD = 2.62) to T2 (M 5 Consistent with prior research (Arch et al, 2016;Papies et al, 2012;Schumacher, Kemps, & Tiggemann, 2017), participants were never explicitly told to "downregulate" desire. To rule against the hypothesis that the results were driven by participants who may have reported in the open-ended suspicion probe that the study was about consciously regulating desires, we conducted exploratory follow-up analyses without these participants (see also , Collins, Best, Stritzke, & Page, 2016).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Social Media Desire and Impulsiveness: Intensified by Self-Immersion, Reduced by Mindfulness

Galla¹,

Baelen²,

Fiore³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Two laboratory experiments with undergraduates examined how social media desire emerges, intensifies, and can be altered. At the start of the experiment, participants submitted a Facebook status update and were led to believe that this would be posted and that responses to it would be monitored and logged over the course of the experiment. Desire to check Facebook increased following a subsequent 15-minute waiting period where participants heard sounds notifying them of friends responding to their status update, but they were not allowed to check the notifications. Moreover, reward simulations—mental elaborations about the positive aspects of checking social media—during the waiting period strengthened this desire. Both experiments also contrasted a group of participants who engaged in either a brief mindfulness, self-immersion, or, in Study 1, unfocused attention exercise during the 15-minute waiting period. Following the exercise, participants then adopted this new perspective while viewing and rating a Facebook advertisement (Study 1), or while performing a self-control task that allowed them to switch between practicing math skills or watching entertaining videos (Study 2). Participants in the mindfulness condition reported significantly less Facebook desire compared with participants in control conditions. Moreover, mindfulness led participants to report less positive attitudes about the Facebook advertisement (Study 1) and spend more time spent practicing math, as opposed to watching entertaining videos (Study 2). Reductions in reward simulations mediated these effects. These findings advance theoretical understanding of how social media desire unfolds and suggest ways for helping young adults manage these desires.

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“…For the food intake meta‐analysis, 43 studies were included with 54 comparisons of effects, leading to a total of 1565 participants in active intervention conditions and 1570 control participants, plus 86 participants undergoing both conditions in a crossover design. Thirteen comparisons were categorized to the intervention category cue exposure (n = 6 in vivo and n = 7 in sensu) and 12 to cognitive regulation strategies (n = 3 acceptance, n = 7 reappraisal, and n = 2 distraction), and 29 comparisons were assigned to cognitive control training (n = 16 ICT, n = 5 AAT, and n = 8 ABM). No studies were found measuring food intake after neurofeedback or biofeedback training.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the controlled studies, six ESs were categorized to vivo cue exposure, 39 studies to cognitive regulation strategies (n = 6 acceptance, n = 13 reappraisal, n = 7 suppression, and n = 13 distraction), 13 studies to cognitive control training (n = 3 ICT, n = 4 AAT, and n = 6 ABM), and six to neurofeedback or biofeedback interventions …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory‐based interventions targeting food craving: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

2020

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Summary This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to quantify the effects of laboratory‐based interventions targeting specific mechanisms of food craving, to identify moderators of effects, and to qualitatively summarize findings. The study was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Sixty‐nine studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, and separate meta‐analyses were conducted for the outcomes self‐reported craving and objective food intake. Results show small to medium positive effects across specific craving interventions on both outcomes. Effect sizes were partly moderated by intervention type. The most effective intervention regarding food intake was in sensu cue exposure. For subjective craving, the most robust evidence was found for beneficial effects of cognitive regulation strategies (ie, reappraisal, suppression, and distraction). Results further indicate that training inhibitory control through behavioral inhibition might be more effective than approach‐avoidance training when considering its effect on subjective craving and food intake. People with external eating habits, overeating, or loss‐of‐control eating might benefit from these types of specific craving interventions. Future research should focus on long‐term effects, transferability, and effectiveness in clinical samples.

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Acceptance- and imagery-based strategies can reduce chocolate cravings: A test of the elaborated-intrusion theory of desire

Cited by 30 publications

References 47 publications

The effect of a mindfulness-based decentering strategy on chocolate craving

The effect of a mindfulness-based decentering strategy on chocolate craving

Social Media Desire and Impulsiveness: Intensified by Self-Immersion, Reduced by Mindfulness

Laboratory‐based interventions targeting food craving: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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