“…The levels of knowledge and respective hierarchies (preexisting and formed) incumbent within a network can have huge effects on decision making, plans, and the identity of the festival networks that emerge (Hede & Jago, 2005;Hede & Stokes, 2009). While consensus and collaboration may emerge, there are cases where the interests of various stakeholder, (e.g., arts, tourism, and community organizations), have conflicting organizational boundaries and resource objectives which delay or negate positive resolution (Carlsen, Ali-Knight, & Robertson, 2007;Long, 2000).…”