Access of emotional information to visual awareness in patients with major depressive disorder

Sterzer, Philipp; Hilgenfeldt, Tobias; Freudenberg, Philine; Bermpohl, Felix; Adli, Mazda

doi:10.1017/s0033291710002540

Cited by 71 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…These studies consistently showed an increased accuracy of, and increased response bias for sad faces (Arteche et al, 2011;Gollan et al, 2010Gollan et al, , 2008Gur et al, 1992;Hale, 1998;Lee et al, 2008;Mandal and Bhattacharya, 1985;Sterzer et al, 2011;Surguladze et al, 2004). These emotionalcognitive deficits seem to persist during remission (Bhagwagar and Cowen, 2008;Bouhuys et al, 1999;Fuhr et al, 2014;Joormann and Gotlib, 2007;Lange et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Transgenerational effects of maternal depression on affect recognition in children

Kluczniok

Attar

Fydrich

et al. 2016

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Transgenerational effects of maternal depression on affect recognition in children

Kluczniok

Attar

Fydrich

et al. 2016

Journal of Affective Disorders

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“…In Experiments 6, 7, and 9, we used the binomial distribution to determine whether each participant performed better than chance on the objective block and excluded from analyses all those participants who did (21,30, and 7 participants in Experiments 6, 7, and 9, respectively). Note that, although the number of excluded participants may seem high, they fall within the normal range of long-duration CFS priming, in which successful suppression is strongly affected by individual differences (38). We additionally excluded participants who reported any subjective awareness of the primes (four, five, and three participants in Experiments 6, 7, and 9, respectively).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reading and doing arithmetic nonconsciously

Sklar¹,

Levy²,

Goldstein³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

239

364

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The modal view in the cognitive and neural sciences holds that consciousness is necessary for abstract, symbolic, and rule-following computations. Hence, semantic processing of multiple-word expressions, and performing of abstract mathematical computations, are widely believed to require consciousness. We report a series of experiments in which we show that multiple-word verbal expressions can be processed outside conscious awareness and that multistep, effortful arithmetic equations can be solved unconsciously. All experiments used Continuous Flash Suppression to render stimuli invisible for relatively long durations (up to 2,000 ms). Where appropriate, unawareness was verified using both objective and subjective measures. The results show that novel word combinations, in the form of expressions that contain semantic violations, become conscious before expressions that do not contain semantic violations, that the more negative a verbal expression is, the more quickly it becomes conscious, and that subliminal arithmetic equations prime their results. These findings call for a significant update of our view of conscious and unconscious processes.nonconscious processes | automaticity | CFS T he scientific investigation of consciousness and the human unconscious is an ongoing interdisciplinary effort that is central to our understanding of the human mind. The goal is simple: to map the functions performed by nonconscious processes and the functions that are performed consciously, and to understand how these two sets of functions are implemented in the brain. The modal view in cognitive sciences associates consciousness with capabilities that are uniquely (or largely) human. Two prime examples of capabilities of this kind, which are cataloged among the greatest achievements of human culture, are complex language and abstract mathematics. It is not surprising then that the modal view holds that the semantic processing of multiple-word expressions and performing of abstract mathematical computations require consciousness (1-4). In more general terms, sequential rule-following manipulations of abstract symbols are thought to lie outside the capabilities of the human unconscious.This view has received extensive empirical support. Although numerous studies have documented processing of subliminally presented single units of meaning (e.g., a word or a number) (5-8) as well as unconscious retrieval of simple arithmetic facts (9-11), previous research has generally failed to document unconscious performance of functions that require multiple (and sequenced) rule-based operations on more than one abstract unit (12)(13)(14).[Recently, work by Ric and Muller (10) has shown that simple addition (adding two numbers with a sum that is not greater than six) can occur nonconsciously. Although addition of this sort does not require more than one operation, we find these data very encouraging in terms of the challenge that we propose here.]The present study challenges this modal view of consciousness and the unconscious. Specifically...

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“…Recently, it was shown that states of pleasant affect lead to a dominant perception of smiling faces, whereas unpleasant affect leads to a dominant perception of scowling faces (Anderson, Siegel, & Feldmann Barrett, 2011). Trait anxiety was also shown to influence the initial selection of emotional faces (Gray, Adams, & Garner, 2009) and a recent study could demonstrate (with a variant of binocular rivalry) that mood-congruent stimuli such as sad faces gain preferential access to awareness in depressive patients (Sterzer, Hilgenfeldt, Freudenberg, Bermpohl, & Adli, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

You See What you Fear: Spiders Gain Preferential Access to Conscious Perception in Spider-Phobic Patients

Gerdes

Alpers

2013

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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In phobic individuals, behavioral responses to phobia-related cues are facilitated and brain responses are augmented. It has rarely been investigated whether this preferential processing is accompanied by an altered conscious perception of phobia-related cues. We used binocular rivalry to investigate conscious perception of phobia-related cues in phobic individuals. 21 spider-phobic patients and 20 non-anxious control participants viewed pictures of spiders or flowers, each paired with a neutral pattern under conditions of binocular rivalry. Spider-phobic patients more often reported that they saw spider pictures as the first percept, and the total duration of seeing spider percepts was significantly longer in patients than in non-anxious participants. A second experiment was conducted to rule out that these differences were caused by different response criteria. Results support the validity of self-report in Experiment 1. In sum, predominance of phobia-related cues in binocular rivalry provides evidence that phobia-related cues gain preferential access to visual awareness in phobic individuals.

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Access of emotional information to visual awareness in patients with major depressive disorder

Cited by 71 publications

References 51 publications

Transgenerational effects of maternal depression on affect recognition in children

Transgenerational effects of maternal depression on affect recognition in children

Reading and doing arithmetic nonconsciously

You See What you Fear: Spiders Gain Preferential Access to Conscious Perception in Spider-Phobic Patients

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