Access to and Benefit Sharing of Plant Genetic Resources: Novel Field Experiences to Inform Policy

Vernooy, Ronnie; Ruiz, Manuel

doi:10.3390/resources2020096

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Research from around the world shows the benefits of stakeholder participation and local community engagement in generating contextually relevant information and implementing projects that meet local needs [62]. Furthermore, the benefits of local knowledge and community participation in monitoring and assessing social and environmental changes, including changes in resilience, are well established in the literature [63][64][65]. Indicators based on local data, developed through participatory means, provide a practical form of assessment, making it possible to identify gaps and monitor progress on the ground [66].…”

Section: Approaches To Assessing Resilience and Their Application In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Theoretical Grounding of Climate Resilience Assessments for Smallholder Farming Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa

Dixon

Stringer

2015

Resources

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Resilience assessments are increasingly used to inform management decisions and development interventions across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In light of current and future climate change and variability, there is growing interest in applying such tools and frameworks to assess and strengthen the climate resilience of smallholder farming systems. However, these assessments are often undertaken without explicit consideration of the resilience thinking in which they are grounded. This makes it difficult to understand how the conceptual aspects of resilience are translating into resilience assessment practice. This paper provides an important first step in tackling this gap, by identifying and using key characteristics of resilience thinking to evaluate existing resilience assessment tools and frameworks and drawing insights for assessing the climate resilience of smallholder farming systems. We find that power, politics, and agency, identified as important in the resilience literature, are not fully incorporated within current tools and frameworks. This leads to inadequate consideration of spatial and temporal trade-offs. We propose six recommendations for assessing the climate resilience of smallholder farming systems in SSA in order to enhance the linkages between resilience theory and practice. These are: (1) better integrate vulnerability and resilience; (2) recognize that resilience does not equal development or poverty reduction; (3) recognize the benefits and limitations of adopting flexible, participatory approaches; (4) integrate issues of power into assessment tools; OPEN ACCESS Resources 2015, 4 129 (5) target specific systems; and (6) encourage knowledge sharing, empirical studies, and critical evaluation. Our findings contribute to improved understanding of applications of resilience thinking to enhance natural resource management.

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Section: Approaches To Assessing Resilience and Their Application In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Theoretical Grounding of Climate Resilience Assessments for Smallholder Farming Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa

Dixon

Stringer

2015

Resources

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“…While eight publications explore the potential effect of the ABS legal concept on China’s genetic resources if legislation were implemented in China (e.g. Wenying & Wanchun 2007; Vernooy & Ruiz 2013; Blackburn et al . 2014), none of them related to genetic resources for use in aquaculture.…”

Section: Abs Measures and Research In Key Aquaculture‐producing Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of access and benefit‐sharing measures and literature in key aquaculture‐producing countries

Humphries

Benzie

Lawson

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Countries increasingly use access and benefit-sharing laws as a tool for the conservation and sustainable use of biological resources and associated traditional knowledge. These laws generally require the recipient of resources/knowledge to obtain the provider country's prior informed consent before collection, use or transfer and to share the benefits from their use with the provider. The aim of this literature review is to comprehensively analyse access and benefit-sharing laws and literature about the top five aquaculture-producing countries -China, India, Indonesia, Viet Nam and Bangladeshto identify research trends and gaps in relation to accessing and sharing the benefits of aquaculture genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge. Using a systematic quantitative literature review methodology, we found only 5% of the literature examined the implications of access and benefit-sharing for aquaculture and these only related to publications about India's arrangements. While the other countries had literature about their legal measures and literature about informal genetic resource sharing practices in aquaculture, none of them connected the two research topics. None of the countries had literature analysing the implications of access and benefit-sharing in relation to traditional knowledge associated with aquaculture. We conclude that given these are the top global producers accounting for up to 80% of all aquaculture products, urgent research is needed to fill the literature gaps to assess whether access and benefit-sharing as a legal/policy tool is achieving conservation and sustainable use goals for aquaculture genetic resources.

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“…However, there were far fewer articles providing details of how this could be done in practice (e.g. Vernooy and Ruiz, 2013) or how successful current efforts were (Peña Neira, 2017).…”

Section: Angr Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of access and benefit-sharing country measures accommodating the distinctive features of genetic resources for food and agriculture and associated traditional knowledge

Morrison¹,

Humphries²,

Lawson³

et al. 2021

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Introduction Background Literature review I. Element 1: Institutional arrangements 1.1 Single institutional responsibility for access and benefit-sharing 1.2 Shared institutional responsibility for ABS measures 1.3 Coordination within national governments of ABS activities across sectors and stakeholders 1.4 Information-sharing arrangements 1.5 Element 1 Conclusion II. Element 2: Access to and utilization of genetic resources for food and agriculture 2.1 Categories of genetic resources covered by access and benefit-sharing legislation 2.1.1 Temporal scope of access measures for genetic resources for food and agriculture 2.1.2 Genetic resources provided by countries of origin/countries that acquired them in accordance with the Convention on Biological Diversity 2.1.3 Privately versus publicly held genetic resources 2.1.4 Genetic resources versus biological resources 2.1.5 Genetic resources held by Indigenous Peoples and local communities 2.1.6 Specific exemptions of genetic resources for food and agriculture subject matter 2.2 Intended uses that trigger the application of access and benefit-sharing provisions 2.2.1 Development of genetic resources in the course of agricultural production 2.2.2 Research and development for food and agriculture 2.2.3 Commercial/non-commercial research and development 2.2.4 Exemption of specific activities/user groups 2.3 Authorization procedures applicable under access and benefit-sharing legislation 2.3.1 Prior informed consent 2.3.2 Simplified and fast-track prior informed consent 2.3.3 Implicit prior informed consent 2.3.4 Standardization of prior informed consent and mutually agreed terms 2.3.5 Framework prior informed consent and mutually agreed terms 2.4 Element 2 Conclusion III. Element 3: Access to and utilization of traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources for food and agriculture 3.1 Defining the scope of traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources 3.2 Identifying the correct traditional knowledge holders 3.3 Procedures for obtaining traditional knowledge through prior informed consent or approval and involvement of Indigenous Peoples and local communities 3.4 Element 3 Conclusion IV. Element 4: Fair and equitable sharing of benefits 4.1 Scope of benefit-sharing obligations 4.2 Model contractual clauses, codes of conduct, etc. for negotiating "fair and equitable benefits" 4.

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Access to and Benefit Sharing of Plant Genetic Resources: Novel Field Experiences to Inform Policy

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Towards a Theoretical Grounding of Climate Resilience Assessments for Smallholder Farming Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa

Towards a Theoretical Grounding of Climate Resilience Assessments for Smallholder Farming Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa

A review of access and benefit‐sharing measures and literature in key aquaculture‐producing countries

Survey of access and benefit-sharing country measures accommodating the distinctive features of genetic resources for food and agriculture and associated traditional knowledge

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