Access to the Brazilian City—From the perspectives of low-income residents in Recife

Maia, Maria Leonor Alves; Lucas, Karen; Marinho, Geraldo; Santos, Enilson Medeiros dos; Lima, Jessica Helena de

doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.01.001

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This literature is also largely based on empirical cross-sectional analysis of differences in accessibility levels between different social groups, but studies have paid less attention to ex-post and ex-ante evaluations of transport investments to investigate how much of those inequalities are determined by government policy. This is particularly true for cities in the Global South, which have received far less attention in the transportation equity literature with a few notable exceptions (Hernandez, 2017;Maia et al, 2016;Oviedo & Dávila, 2016;Vermeiren et al, 2015). Finally, the studies that evaluate the distributional and accessibility impacts of transport projects are often based on simple or standard descriptive statistical analysis and, as a rule, do not question whether their results are robust to ad-hoc methodological choices regarding the temporal and spatial scale of accessibility analysis.…”

Section: Nexus Of Justice and Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While many researchers and transport planners in developed countries are concerned with improving accessibility (Boisjoly & El-Geneidy, 2017;Papa et al, 2015) and equity (Karner & Niemeier, 2013;Manaugh et al, 2015), these issues have received much less attention in the Global South (Keeling, 2008;Vasconcellos, 2001). The literature on justice in transport policy is still predominately focused on developed countries in North America and Europe, with a few notable exceptions (Bocarejo & Oviedo, 2012;Delmelle & Casas, 2012;Maia et al, 2016;Vermeiren et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributive Justice and Transportation Equity: Inequality in accessibility in Rio de Janeiro

Pereira¹

2018

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Public transport policies play a key role in shaping the social and spatial structure of cities. These policies influence how easily people can access opportunities, including health and educational services and job positions. The accessibility impacts of transport policies thus have important implications for social inequalities and for the promotion of just and inclusive cities. However, in the transportation literature, there is still little theoretically informed understanding of justice and what it means in the context of transport policies. Moreover, few studies have moved beyond descriptive analyses of accessibility inequalities to evaluate how much those inequalities result from transport policies themselves. This is particularly true in cities from the global South, where accessibility and equity have so far remained marginal concerns in the policy realm.This thesis builds on theories of distributive justice and examines how they can guide the evaluation of transport policies and plans. It points to pathways for rigorous assessment of the accessibility impacts of transport policies and it contributes to current discussions on transportation equity. A justice framework is developed to assess the distributional effects of transport policies. This framework is then applied to evaluate recent transport policies developed in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in preparation to host sports mega-events, such as the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, which included substantial expansion of the rail and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) infrastructure. This research presents ex-post analyses of the policies implemented between 2014 and 2017 and ex-ante analysis of an as yet unfinished BRT project. It evaluates how the planned transport legacy of those mega-events impacted accessibility to sports venues, healthcare facilities, public schools and job opportunities for different income groups. The results show that there were overall accessibility benefits from the expansion in transport infrastructure between 2014 and 2017, but these were generally offset by the reduction in bus service levels that followed an economic crisis that hit the city after the Olympics. Quasi-counterfactual analysis suggests that, even if the city had not been hit by the economic crisis, recent transport investments related to mega-events would have led to higher accessibility gains for wealthier groups and increased inequalities in access to opportunities. Results suggest that those investments had, or would have had, greater impact on inequalities of access to jobs than in access to schools and healthcare facilities. The evaluation of the future accessibility impacts of the unfinished BRT corridor, nonetheless, indicates that such project could significantly improve access to job opportunities for a large share of Rio’s population, particularly lower-income groups. Spatial analysis techniques show that the magnitude and statistical significance of these results depend on the spatial scale and travel time threshold selected for cumulative opportunity accessibility analysis. These results demonstrate that the ad-hoc methodological choices of accessibility analysis commonly used in the academic and policy literature can change the conclusions of equity assessments of transportation projects.

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Section: Nexus Of Justice and Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributive Justice and Transportation Equity: Inequality in accessibility in Rio de Janeiro

Pereira¹

2018

Preprint

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“…Another recent study by Maia et al (2016) looked at mobility and horizons in the context of low income populations in the city of Recife, Brazil. The authors focused on two diverse case study areas -the first was centrally located within the city; the second on the periphery.…”

Section: Spatial Horizons and Attachment To Placementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of the study showed that participants in both parts of the city facilitated most of their daily activities locally and on foot. Maia et al (2016) translate this into policy recommendations: "[it is] not about providing more big public transport projects. Instead, it is more about introducing micro-level interventions to reduce the cost of fares, providing more complementary community transport services and improving the conditions of their walking environments" (p.141).…”

Section: Spatial Horizons and Attachment To Placementioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing transport barriers to work in low income neighbourhoods: A review of evidence and practice

Crisp¹,

Gore²,

Mccarthy³

2017

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“…O rápido processo de urbanização do país foi caracterizado por uma distribuição desigual dos bens, com pessoas de baixa renda vivendo em terrenos urbanos inapropriados, em áreas de risco e/ou localizadas na periferia das cidades com acesso limitado a oportunidades e serviços, incluindo escolas, centros de saúde e transporte público. A maioria dos domicílios em assentamentos de baixa renda está concentrada em 20 Regiões Metropolitanas, especialmente em São Paulo, no Rio de Janeiro, em Belém, em Salvador e no Recife (Maia et al, 2016).…”

Section: Favelas E População De Baixa Rendaunclassified

Padrões de atividades de residentes de Paraisópolis: análise de dados de múltiplos dias coletados com smartphones.

Pizzol¹

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Access to the Brazilian City—From the perspectives of low-income residents in Recife

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Distributive Justice and Transportation Equity: Inequality in accessibility in Rio de Janeiro

Distributive Justice and Transportation Equity: Inequality in accessibility in Rio de Janeiro

Addressing transport barriers to work in low income neighbourhoods: A review of evidence and practice

Padrões de atividades de residentes de Paraisópolis: análise de dados de múltiplos dias coletados com smartphones.

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