Accessibility of Special Education Program Home Pages

Flowers, Claudia; Bray, Marty; Algozzine, Robert

doi:10.1177/016264349901400202

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These results demonstrate that evaluating the homepage alone is not sufficient when evaluating web pages for accessibility. Previous studies using only the homepage in the analysis (Davis, 2002;Flowers et al, 1999;Lazar et al, 2003;Lazar and Greenidge, 2006;Loiacono and McCoy, 2006;Klein et al, 2003;Paris, 2006;Spindler, 2002;Yu, 2002) may not have shown the whole picture of accessibility. However, the WAB scores for levels 1, 2, and 3 of these web sites are highly correlated and previous Homepage not enough studies that included more pages than just the homepage (Diaper and Worman, 2003;Sloan et al, 2002;Thompson, 2003), if even a limited number of deeper pages (Jackson-Sanborn et al, 2002;Hackett et al, 2004), may have provided better estimates of the accessibility of the web sites under evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Homepage not enough when evaluating web site accessibility

Hackett

Parmanto

2009

Internet Research

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to determine if the homepage of a web site is representative of the whole site with respect to accessibility. Design/methodology/approach -The paper presents an intraclass correlation (ICC) between homepage web accessibility barrier (WAB) scores and the WAB scores of web site levels 1 through 3 for 33 popular web sites. Findings -The paper finds that the homepage is not sufficient to detect the accessibility of the web site. ICC of the homepage and average of levels 1-3 is 0.250 (p ¼ 0:062) and ICC of levels 1, 2, and 3 is 0.784 (p , 0:0001). Evaluating the homepage and first-level pages gives more accurate results of entire site accessibility. Originality/value -This is first study correlating homepage accessibility with web site accessibility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Homepage not enough when evaluating web site accessibility

Hackett

Parmanto

2009

Internet Research

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“…Previous research on Web accessibility in educational settings found that 30-60% of university Web sites met basic requirements for Web accessibility (Flowers, Bray, & Algozzine, 1999;Krach, 2007;Zaphiris & Ellis, 2001), and 16-25% of elementary school as well as 42% of K-12 district Web sites were accessible (Bray, Flowers, & Gibson, 2003;Bray, Flowers, Smith, & Algozzine, 2003). Therefore, expectations were that the current findings for K-12 Web sites would be similar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

The other Technological Divide: K-12 Web Accessibility

Krach

Jelenic

2009

J Spec Educ Technol

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This study examined individual school home pages and their corresponding district-wide home pages for Web accessibility. As of 1999, the U.S. government established that all public and private school Web sites were to be made “Web accessible,” meaning accessible to students with disabilities. Although higher education sites have been subjected to previous Web accessibility studies, few studies have examined primary and secondary school sites. Home pages for K-12 schools were examined using the WebXact online software to determine compliance with federal mandates. Findings indicated that only about 14% of individual school home pages and 17% of school district home pages were Web accessible. When analyzed according to type of school, 17.6% of public schools were accessible compared to 7% of private schools. These numbers are disappointingly low, and far from the legally mandated requirement that 100% of Web pages be accessible to students with disabilities. The future challenge will be to determine how primary and secondary schools can develop their Web sites to be accessible to all to ensure compliance with the legal mandates.

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“…Widely used in accessibility studies, Bobby is a testing tool that identifies and prioritizes Web site accessibility problems (Watchfire, 2002). Significant studies employing Bobby include Chilson (2002), Flowers et al (1999;, Graves (2001), Romano (2002), Stein (2002), Stowers (2002), and West (2000;. Such wide level of acceptance provides a basis for comparing the results of the current study with previous research.…”

Section: Accessibility Evaluation Toolmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In their study of community college Web sites, Flowers, Bray, and Algozzine (2001) found that only 23% of the sites evaluated were accessible to individuals with disabilities. Flowers, Bray, and Algozzine (1999) also studied special education home pages and found that 73% of these had accessibility problems, and that 71% of the errors were severe. In her study of federal Web sites, Stowers (2002) found that only 13.5% of the sites evaluated met the basic standards for accessibility, despite the fact that the study was performed well past the Section 508 implementation deadline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accessibility of Alabama government Web sites

Potter

2002

Journal of Government Information

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As the World Wide Web has assumed an increasingly important role in providing government information and services, the need to extend these resources to the portion of the population with disabilities has become readily apparent. In 1998, Congress amended Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 to require federal government agencies and departments to ensure that their Web sites (as well as other electronic and information technology) are accessible and usable by federal employees with disabilities. Although Section 508 applies explicitly only to federal government Web sites, there are implications for the states and private sector as well. Accessible e-government means that governmental forums and services otherwise beyond the reach of disabled individuals are now easily within their grasp. This paper presents the results of an evaluation of the level of accessibility of selected state of Alabama government Web sites. While the results of this study indicate considerable improvement over earlier research, the level of accessibility remains low. The pressure to comply with accessibility standards can only be expected to increase in the future, but legislation on the state level may prove unnecessary. The adoption of standards at the federal level is generating significant momentum for both the public and private sectors. While accessibility may never reach 100%, the potential for improvement remains significant. D

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Accessibility of Special Education Program Home Pages

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Homepage not enough when evaluating web site accessibility

Homepage not enough when evaluating web site accessibility

The other Technological Divide: K-12 Web Accessibility

Accessibility of Alabama government Web sites

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