Accessible Web Page Design for the Visually Impaired: A Case Study

Michalska, Anna; You, Cindy X.; Nicolini, Ariana M.; Ippolito, Vincent J.; Fink, Wolfgang

doi:10.1080/10447318.2014.925771

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, there are automatic checkers but these are not 100 percent reliable to verify accessibility. Similar issues were raised by Michalska et al (2014) who highlighted that though universities, corporates, federal contractor websites are largely accessible to people with disabilities, many of these websites do not adhere to the standards. Hence, guidelines should be prepared for web content accessibility.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

A comprehensive digital environment for visually impaired students: user’s perspectives

Bhardwaj

Kumar

2017

LHT

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the perception of visually impaired undergraduate students about the digital environment in their institutions and develop an online information system suiting their requirements. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted on undergraduate students enrolled in ten colleges of the University of Delhi. A total of 95 visually impaired students were interviewed individually. Data collected from the respondents were analyzed and interpreted using simple percentage method and is presented in the form of figures. Findings The study found that maximum (35.8 percent) respondents access online electronic resources daily. Major constraints faced by them are as follows: inaccessibility of the college notice board, lack of accessibility to existing facilities and resources, lack of assistive technology facilities and unavailability of readers and writers. In total, 51.6 percent respondents indicated that it is cumbersome to access the college website because they are not designed according to the accessibility standards developed for visually impaired students. The respondents also revealed that they are not very familiar with useful devices like Vachak (Hindi Reading Device), SARA CE, Lex (Scanner for Hindi Script). The major reason cited by them is the lack of training and non-availability of trained staff. Research limitations/implications DigitVaran contains course contents of the University of Delhi. Course contents of other Universities are not included. However, it is expected that contents related to the syllabi of other universities would be added in future. Practical implications The study will help visually impaired students to get the desired course contents conveniently. In addition, librarians of other universities can utilize the findings of the study to develop a comprehensive digital environment for visually impaired students. The study can be helpful in the assessment of digital infrastructure and services to visually impaired students by National Assessment and Accreditation Council and other funding agencies. Originality/value The study developed an information system DigitVaran to assist visually impaired undergraduate students in India. The system will help them to access the study materials and make aware of various extracurricular activities of the institutions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

A comprehensive digital environment for visually impaired students: user’s perspectives

Bhardwaj

Kumar

2017

LHT

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“…Based on the answers provided and the heuristic assessment, it was concluded that the websites that participated in the study did not meet the standards compliant with WCAG 2.0. The availability of websites of universities, corporations and federal institutions in the USA, with particular emphasis on people with visual impairments, has been investigated in (Michalska et al, 2014). The results of more than ten years of research presented there proved that the analyzed websites were unavailable in terms of consistency and transparency according to the WCAG guidelines.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Usability and Accessibility of Websites in View of Their Universal Design Principles

BADZIO

BODZIAK

BRODAWKA

et al. 2022

acs

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Universal design is a strategic approach for planning and designing both the products and their environment, aimed at making a given product available to the widest number of possible users. It ensures equality for all of them and the opportunity to participate in the society. This concept is also crucial in the process of designing and developing software. The research was conducted with the use of four services, three of them were implemented for the purpose of this study. Two of them took into consideration the principles of universal design, while the others did not. The aim of the study was verification of the level of usability and accessibility of services by means of three independent methods: the LUT (Lublin University of Technology) checklist, an assessment taking into account WCAG 2.0 (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) standards using the automatic WAVE evaluation tool (Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool) and a device allowing to track the movement of the eye while performing various tasks on websites. The websites were assessed by twenty experts in the field of creating web application interfaces, using the LUT checklist. The time to the first fixation (TTFF) that it took respondents to look at specific website elements was measured using the eye tracker device and iMotions software. All websites were checked by means of the WAVE tool to detect irregularities and non-compliance with universal design standards. The analysis performed clearly indicated that websites that follow the universal design guidelines were more useful, intuitive and accessible for users. It might be concluded that interfaces allow to find necessary information and perform desired actions in a shorter time when prepared in accordance with the principles of universal design.

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“…Utilization and user satisfaction of the website obtained by questionnaire and interview [8]. A case study on the implementation of guidelines for web pages that have full accessibility for users with visual impairments also been held [15].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-learning’s usability measurement toward students with myopia visual impairment

et al. 2018

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Usability in e-learning is closely related to user interaction, so the e-learning interface needs to be taken into account. In e-learning, the user interface is an important factor of visual interaction between users and learning resources. Related to this, the user’s vision aspect can affect the performance of e-learning usage, especially usability problem, so the study about usability related to user’s vision needs to be done. This study measuring the usability of e-learning using USE Questionnaire and supported by eye-tracking technology. The results were compared between users with visual impairment and users with normal vision. The results obtained are, the usability variables have a correlation with each other. The four variables, which have a correlation to the variable tasks completion by the respondents (Task), are Ease of Learn, Ease of Use, Satisfaction, and Usefulness. This study shows that myopia visual impairment not causing difficulty in task completion. This is demonstrated in relatively similar user interactions, between normal-sighted users and abnormally-sighted users. The tendency to focus on web page elements per task for both groups of respondents are on elements such as announcement lists, course lists, navigation bars, drop-down menus, links and login text-boxes.

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Accessible Web Page Design for the Visually Impaired: A Case Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

A comprehensive digital environment for visually impaired students: user’s perspectives

A comprehensive digital environment for visually impaired students: user’s perspectives

Analysis of the Usability and Accessibility of Websites in View of Their Universal Design Principles

E-learning’s usability measurement toward students with myopia visual impairment

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