Accessing genetic diversity for crop improvement

Glaszmann, Jean-Christophe; Kilian, Benjamin; Upadhyaya, Hari D.; Varshney, Rajeev K.

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2010.01.004

Cited by 204 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…To facilitate the utilization of the database, web-pages are dynamically interfaced with it. This approach ensures that the information derived from the database is up-to-date (Glaszmann et al 2010). The DB allows two kinds of research: basic research, where it is possible to select the species and the list of accessions, and advanced research, in which all topics are shown.…”

Section: The Importance Of Results Disseminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multidisciplinary approach to enhance the conservation and use of hazelnut Corylus avellana L. genetic resources

Bacchetta

Rovira

Tronci

et al. 2014

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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During recent years, there has been increasing awareness of the importance of adopting a holistic view of biodiversity, including agricultural biodiversity, conservation for sustainable utilization and development. These principles have been underlined in the Convention on Biological Diversity and the European efficiency resources towards 2050. Thus critical issues are now to understand the distribution and extent of genetic diversity available to breeders and stakeholders, the kind and range of characterization, how to face the problem of continuous expanding of germplasm to be conserved. Focusing on the case study of hazelnut which is a crop of great importance for European countries, the paper describes a resourceful strategy for re-organizing and sharing hazelnut genetic resources through an upgrading of knowledge on their value and uses. The paper summarizes the progresses so far and provides a 'launching pad' for future researches. The brief review discusses also the recent progresses in recovery, characterization conservation and uses of European hazelnut germplasm achieved by 068 AGRI GEN RES SAFENUT which was one of the 17 Action financed by the European Commission-Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development. The current status on the morphological and molecular characterization of the in situ and ex situ of the most important European collections, the rescue and preservation of new accessions recovered on farm were discussed underling critical aspects. A better understanding of hazelnut genetic diversity and its distribution is essential for its conservation and use as well as the harmonization of the morphological and biochemical descriptors. The importance of traditional knowledge is also considered as integrated part of the multidisciplinary approach useful to rationalize genetic resources maintained in the collections. Thus improving the characterization on cultivated and wild forms through the development of a core collection, is the further step to achieve a more effective management and use of European nuts germplasm.

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Section: The Importance Of Results Disseminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multidisciplinary approach to enhance the conservation and use of hazelnut Corylus avellana L. genetic resources

Bacchetta

Rovira

Tronci

et al. 2014

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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“…Crop genetic resources consist of the genetic diversity of germplasm that can be used in crop breeding programmes (Glaszmann et al, 2010) and can be organized into gene pools in accordance with the gene pool concept of Harlan and de Wet (1971). The primary gene pool of a crop consists of its own cultivars and landraces (and sometimes its wild progenitor), while the secondary gene pool consists of other related species from which agriculturally useful traits can be introgressed (Maxted et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of year-long bean (Phaseolus dumosusMacfady, Fabaceae) from reticulated hybridization events between multiplePhaseolusspecies

Mina-Vargas

McKeown

Flanagan

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Improved understanding of the secondary gene pools of crops is essential for advancing genetic gain in breeding programmes. Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, is a staple crop with several wild relatives in its secondary gene pool. The year-long bean, P. dumosus, an important crop in Guatemala, is considered particularly closely related to P. vulgaris and a potential source of novel variation. However, the genetic diversity and relationship to other Phaseolus species of P. dumosus remain unclear.Methods We conducted the first comprehensive investigation of P. dumosus genetic diversity using both nuclear and chloroplast genome markers. Our nuclear marker set included over 700 markers present within the Phaseolus DArT (Diversity Arrays Technology) array, which we applied to P. dumosus and other relatives of P. vulgaris (including every secondary gene pool species: P. acutifolius, P. albescens, P. coccineus and P. costaricensis).Key Results Phaseolus dumosus arose from hybridization of P. vulgaris and P. coccineus, followed by at least two later hybridizations with sympatric congener populations. Existing P. dumosus collections have low genetic diversity.Conclusions The under-utilized crop P. dumosus has a complex hybrid origin. Further sampling in the region in which it arose may uncover additional germplasm for introgressing favourable traits into crops within the P. vulgaris gene pool.

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“…This effort led to the founding of gene banks and collecting of genetic resources of crops and their wild relatives (Vavilov 1926). However, in spite of impressive numbers of collected accessions (estimated to be around 7 million worldwide), the loss of genetic diversity of species has been reported in many commercially important crops (Harlan 1975;Esquinas-Alcázar 2005;Glaszmann et al 2010). In the broadest sense, this alteration and narrowing of crop genetic diversity began with the first domestication of wild plants.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, molecular markers accurately represent the underlying genetic variation and nowadays dominate genetic diversity research. Among the variety of markers to choose, retrotransposonbased and microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats, SSRs) proved to be effective, thanks to their polymorphism and abundance in plant genomes (Glaszmann et al 2010). Microsatellites as highly informative codominant markers are used in population genetic research ranging from the level of individuals to closely related species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analysis of temporal genetic structuring in pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars bred in the Czech Republic and in former Czechoslovakia since the mid-20th century

Cieslarová¹,

Hýbl²,

Griga³

et al. 2012

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed.

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Changes in genetic diversity of peas bred in the Czech Republic and in former Czechoslovakia since the mid-20 th century were analysed using 38 molecular marker loci, including retrotransposons and microsatellites, differentiating a total of 84 alleles. Both marker types were comparably effective in revealing the genetic diversity, with a high correlation (r = 0.81), although the pairwise genetic distances of each marker type differed. In total, 175 accessions, selected from the Czech pea gene bank collection and representing the pea cultivars collected or bred in the country, were divided into three groups according to their date of sampling or variety registration. The first group contained 70 old cultivars and landraces collected prior to 1961. The second group contained 46 cultivars released from 1961 to 1980. The third group contained 59 cultivars released between 1981 and 2004. In spite of the decline in several diversity measures, differences in allele frequencies and even allele loss in three microsatellite loci were recorded over the 70-year period, while these differences between the groups were not statistically significant. In addition, genetic heterogeneity was detected in 29 accessions (15%). This indicates that although no genetic erosion could be observed since then, it is important to monitor the genetic diversity, furthermore it highlights the vital role of germplasm collections for the crop diversity conservation.

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Accessing genetic diversity for crop improvement

Cited by 204 publications

References 70 publications

A multidisciplinary approach to enhance the conservation and use of hazelnut Corylus avellana L. genetic resources

A multidisciplinary approach to enhance the conservation and use of hazelnut Corylus avellana L. genetic resources

Origin of year-long bean (Phaseolus dumosusMacfady, Fabaceae) from reticulated hybridization events between multiplePhaseolusspecies

Molecular analysis of temporal genetic structuring in pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars bred in the Czech Republic and in former Czechoslovakia since the mid-20th century

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