Accidental Radiation Excursion at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant—III

Hurst, G. S.; Ritchie, R.H.; Emerson, L.C.

doi:10.1097/00004032-195904000-00001

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…Eight Y-12 employees, who did not have a notable potential for exposure to neutrons or gamma rays and were not wearing a film badge dosimeter, received estimated radiation doses ranging from 23 rem to 365 rem (Hurst, Ritchie, and Emerson 1959). As a result of this criticality accident at the Y-12 Plant, a newer dosimeter system was developed that was an integral part of each employee's ID badge and contained components for both routine and accident-related dosimetry (Thornton, Davis and Gupton 1961, pp.…”

Section: Neutron Film Badge Dosimetry At Y-12 Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Evaluation of Film Badge Dosimetry Y-12 Plant: Part 2?Neutron Radiation ORAUT-OTIB-0045

Gd¹,

El²,

Jp³

et al. 2009

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Section: Neutron Film Badge Dosimetry At Y-12 Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Evaluation of Film Badge Dosimetry Y-12 Plant: Part 2?Neutron Radiation ORAUT-OTIB-0045

Gd¹,

El²,

Jp³

et al. 2009

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“…Total linear attenuation coefficient, 3-35, 3-36, 3-37, 3-42 Total macroscopic cross section, E, 3-52, 3-53, 3-54, 8-26 Total microscopic cross section, at, 3-51, 3-52 Toxicity (toxic), [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][13][14][15]…”

Section: -16mentioning

confidence: 99%

Operational health physics training

Moe¹,

Vallario²

1992

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FOREWORD For many years the Radiation Safety Technician Training Manual, ANL-7291(affectionately referred to as the "Moe Handbook"), has provided the basis for technician training throughout the nuclear industry. Though a sound document, changes in radiation protection standards and measurement technology since its publication in the early 1970's suggested that a revision would be timely.Due to our keen interest in radiation protection training, the Office of Nuclear Safety, U.S. Department of Energy, was pleased to provide support for such a revision. The end result, Operational Health Physics Training, should provide a useful reference for applied health physicists and technician training courses for years to come.We want to express our sincere appreciation to Harold Moe for his dedicated efforts in the revision to this document. It is truly a contribution to the nuclear industry. 8-288-31 8-329-1 9-1 9-5 9-5 9-8 9-11 9-12 [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] 9-17 9-19 9-22 9-23 9-24 9-24 9-27 9-28 9-309-32 4. 5.Page 13-3 13-3 13-4 13-4 13-513-613-6 13-7 13-7 13-9 13-9 13-10 13-10 13-11 13-12 13-12 13-13 . . 15-11 15-12Factor.14-1 14-1 14-? 14-314-5 14-6 14-714-8 14-8 14-11 14-1314-15 14-15 14-1614-17 . 14-19 . .14-19 . .14-21 . 14-24. .14-28 14-29. .14-33. .14-35 1-9The neutron to proton ratio (n/p) varies from about 0. The velocity of a particle is a vector quantity in which both speed and direction must be specified. The magnitude of the velocity (that is, the speed) is given in m/s in the SI system. The acceleration of a particle is defined as the time rate of change of velocity.The force F which acts on a particle is defined in terms of the product of the acceleration a and the mass m of the object:F -ma. 1.3If the acceleration is constant, 1-12The unit of charge in the SI system is the coulomb (C Figure 1.4), a negative charge appears on one plate and an equal positive charge on the other plate. In the region between the plates, an electric field exists which will exert a force on a charge placed in the field. The field strength E is defined by the force exerted on a unit charge in the field: 1-13The term potential difference, symbolized by V, is defined as the work per unit charge done in moving a charge from one plate to the other:and W -Fd -Eqd 1.10bIf W is in joules and q in coulombs, then V will be in volts. Note that the electron field strength E may also be expressed by V/d (volts/m). This is a more commonly used designation.In the parallel-plate example, the electric field E is uniform, that is, the force on a charge in the field is constant, both in direction and eV, 1MeV -106 eV and 1 GeV -109 eV.As was pointed out earlier, the movement of a charged particle produces a current.One may say that a current is simply a flow of charge.This flow can occur between parallel plates connected to a battery (see Another factor which affects electron flow in a circuit is called resistance.The resistance in the circuit influences how much current will flow. George Ohm found that in many material...

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“…Accordingly, among the radioisotopes, activated sodium, 24 Na, in human body or a blood sample was utilized to evaluate dose in some past accidents. [2][3][4] Although the dose assessment in the past events indicated advantages of this technique, the dose evaluation in the Tokai-mura criticality accident revealed that some data were quite essential to obtain dose rapidly based upon activated sodium in body. 2) In the previous study, 5) Monte Carlo calculations using the MCNP-4B 6) code had derived quantitative relations between specific activity of 24 Na induced in soft tissue and dose to whole body with the MIRD-5 type phantom 7) for external neutrons from some hypothesized criticality systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination for Neutron Dose Assessment Method from Induced Sodium-24 in Human Body in Criticality Accidents

Takahashi

Endo

Yamaguchi

2005

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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Experiments were made to verify a dose assessment method from activated sodium in human body in criticality accidents. A slab phantom containing sodium chloride solution was irradiated in the Transient Experiment Critical Facility to simulate activation of sodium in body. Monte Carlo calculations were performed to obtain quantitative relation between the specific activity of induced 24 Na and neutron dose, which was imparted by charged particles liberated by neutrons, at the phantom position. In the previous work, conversion coefficients from specific activity of 24 Na in soft tissue to whole body dose had been analyzed with the MCNP-4B code concerning neutron spectra at some hypothesized configurations with fuel and surrounding materials. One of the prepared conversion coefficients was applied to evaluate neutron dose from the measured radioactivity of 24 Na. The estimated dose agreed with the dose analyzed by the Monte Carlo calculations in the present study within an acceptable uncertainty for initial dose determination in an accident, which is indicated by the International Atomic Energy Agency. In addition, the dose assessed with the prepared coefficient from the quantity of induced 24 Na was close to a value, which had been previously measured with dosimeters for criticality accidents.

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Accidental Radiation Excursion at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant—III

Cited by 37 publications

References 1 publication

Historical Evaluation of Film Badge Dosimetry Y-12 Plant: Part 2?Neutron Radiation ORAUT-OTIB-0045

Historical Evaluation of Film Badge Dosimetry Y-12 Plant: Part 2?Neutron Radiation ORAUT-OTIB-0045

Operational health physics training

Examination for Neutron Dose Assessment Method from Induced Sodium-24 in Human Body in Criticality Accidents

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