Acclimation of 2‐Chlorophenol‐Biodegrading Activated Sludge and Microbial Community Analysis

Abstract

Taking glucose as co-substrate, the activated sludge which could effectively biodegrade 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) of 40 mg/L was successfully domesticated after acclimation for 49 days in sequencing batch reactors. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis revealed that the community richness initially increased for 5 days and then decreased after another 20 days with the increase of 2-CP. The original sludge obtained from water resource recovery facility had the highest diversity. At the beginning of acclimation, the community diversity decreased. With the acclimation going on, both richness and diversity of community increased, but decreased significantly when the concentration of 2-CP was increased to 40 mg/L. Saccharibacteria_norank, Bacillus, Saprospiraceae_uncultured and Lactococcus were the dominant bacteria detected in this study. Bacillus and Pseudomonas were the main chlorophenol-degrading bacteria. WCHB1-60_norank, Tetrasphaera, Comamonadaceae_unclassified and Haliangium had lower tolerance to 2-CP. Higher bacterial tolerance to CPs does not mean higher degrading capability. The degradation of CPs was not positively correlated with the abundance of known 2-CP degrading bacteria detected in this study.

Study on Biodegradation Characteristics of Industrial Phenol-Containing Wastewater by Biological Co-Metabolism Technology

“…It has an inhibitory effect on the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, and a higher degradation threshold will damage the microbial organism and may cause irreversible damage to the co-metabolic system. In order to reduce the toxic effect of the target pollutant, it is common to start with low concentrations and gradually increase the influent concentration as the degradable concentration increases [7][8][9][10]. Montalvo et al [11] increased the 4-chlorophenol concentration from 210 mg/L to 2100 mg/L in a study of its degradation.…”

Can metal organic frameworks outperform adsorptive removal of harmful phenolic compound 2-chlorophenol by activated carbon?

“…Latest reports on treatment of 2-CP include using biological methods [14][15][16], adsorption [17][18][19], photocatalytic degradation [20,21] and advanced oxidation processes [22]. Among all technologies, adsorption has a number of key advantages including easy to handle, high removal efficiency for pollutants at low concentration, no generation of toxic intermediates or secondary products and its comparatively low cost to other treatment processes [23,24].…”

Can Metal Organic Frameworks Outperform Adsorptive Removal of Harmful Phenolic Compound 2-Chlorophenol by Activated Carbon?

“…Latest reports on treatment of 2-CP include using biological methods (Liang et al, 2018;Martínez-Jardines et al, 2018;Sun et al, 2018), adsorption (Chuang et al, 2008;Gan et al, 2018;Smolin, 2018), photocatalytic degradation (Dobaradaran et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018) and advanced oxidation processes (Li et al, 2019). Among all technologies, adsorption has a number of key advantages including easy to handle, high removal efficiency for pollutants at low concentration, no generation of toxic intermediates or secondary products and its comparatively low cost to other treatment processes (Hadjltaief et al, 2018;Jang et al, 2018).…”