Acclimation of branch and leaf hydraulics in adult Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies in a forest through-fall exclusion experiment

Tomasella, Martina; Beikircher, Barbara; Häberle, Karl‐Heinz; Hesse, Benjamin; Kallenbach, Christian; Matyssek, Rainer; Mayr, Stefan

doi:10.1093/treephys/tpx140

Cited by 45 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…These values are in good agreement with those reported in other studies on beech saplings (Caquet et al () and Aranda et al () reported values of −3.0 to −4.0, and −3.0 to −3.7 MPa, respectively), while there are also studies that found less negative values (Cochard et al () and Barigah et al ) reported values of −2.5 to 3 and −2.5 MPa, respectively). Studies on mature beech trees also resulted in similar values (Lemoine et al , , −2.2 to −3.1 MPa; Herbette et al , , −3.0 MPa; Schuldt et al , , −3.3 to −3.7 MPa; Stojnic et al , , −2.9 to −3.5 MPa; Tomasella et al , , −2.5 MPa). In the framework of the current study we have not been able to cross‐correlate our results with established benchmark methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

A small‐scale MRI scanner and complementary imaging method to visualize and quantify xylem embolism formation

et al. 2020

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool to image xylem embolism formation in plants. MRI scanners configured to accept intact plants are rare and expensive. Here, we investigate if affordable small-scale, custom-built low-field MRI scanners would suffice for the purpose.A small-scale, C-shaped permanent magnet was paired with open, plane parallel imaging gradients. The setup was small enough to fit between leaves or branches and offered open access for plant stems of arbitrary length. To counter the two main drawbacks of the system, low signal to noise and reduced magnetic field homogeneity, a multi-spin echo (MSE) pulse sequence was implemented, allowing efficient signal acquisition and quantitative imaging of water content and T 2 signal relaxation.The system was tested visualizing embolism formation in Fagus sylvatica during bench dehydration. High-quality images of water content and T 2 were readily obtained, which could be utilized to detect the cavitation of vessels smaller than could be spatially resolved. A multiplication of both map types yielded images in which filled xylem appeared with even greater contrast.T 2 imaging with small-scale MRI devices allows straightforward visualization of the spatial and temporal dynamics of embolism formation and the derivation of vulnerability curves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

A small‐scale MRI scanner and complementary imaging method to visualize and quantify xylem embolism formation

et al. 2020

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“…Enhanced compensation growth of fine roots upon drought (e.g., in beech, Meier and Leuschner et al 2008), adjustment of the mycorrhiza to an increased share of longdistance exploration types (Nickel et al 2018), and acclimation of the branches and leaves to drought (Barbeta and Penuelas, 2016;Tomasella et al 2018) may be effective measures of drought acclimation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and European beech (Fagus sylvatica [L.]) to natural episodic and experimentally extended drought in mature monospecific and mixed-species stands of Norway spruce and European beech in the Kranzberg Forest. This study utilized the throughfall exclusion experiment KROOF in the Kranzberg Forest (Pretzsch et al 2014;Tomasella et al 2018;Hesse et al 2019) and additional long-term tree measurements nearby (Pretzsch et al 1998). To better understand the long-term effects of drought on tree growth in intra-and inter-specific environments, we concentrated on the following questions and hypotheses: Q1: How do species react to natural drought events (represented by the years 2003 and 2015) in intra-versus interspecific environments?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and mortality of Norway spruce and European beech in monospecific and mixed-species stands under natural episodic and experimentally extended drought. Results of the KROOF throughfall exclusion experiment

Pretzsch¹,

Grams²,

Häberle³

et al. 2020

Trees

103

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Key message Under severe drought, growth of Norway spruce suffered much more than European beech. Norway spruce benefited from growing in the environment of beech, and both species acclimated slightly to 5 years of experimentally extended drought. Abstract Recent studies show that the detrimental effects of drought on stand growth are mitigated when the stand contains mixed tree species. We analysed the growth responses of Norway spruce and European beech to episodic and experimentally extended drought in intra-and inter-specific mature stands. We used annual diameter growth records dating back to 1998 to determine the impact of the natural episodic drought in 2003 and 2015. To analyse extended drought, spruce and beech trees were exposed to extreme drought under automatic throughfall exclusion roofs from 2014 to 2018. The growth of spruce in an inter-specific environment with beech was 20-50% less affected by natural episodic drought compared with an intraspecific constellation. When beech grew in an inter-specific environment, it was by 23% more affected by drought compared to intra-specific conditions, but seemed to recover faster. The induced drought from 2014 to 2018 resulted in a strong growth reduction in the first year particularly for spruce, followed by a slight acclimation to the dry conditions. Beech acclimated and recovered faster than spruce across all growing conditions, while spruce only acclimatized faster in the environment of beech. Both species showed a higher mortality under induced drought compared with the controls; for spruce, the mortality rate was fivefold higher compared to the long-term mortality. The long-term moderate-growth stabilization and the growth increase after the 5-year exposure to drought suggest a gradual acclimation to drought by beech. The resistance and acclimation to drought of spruce when growing in mixture should be considered when designing resource efficient and productive mixed conifer-broadleaved stands for future climates.

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“…Several studies have shown plastic responses (variations in phenotype expression in response to environmental change) of leaf physiology and plant architecture to experimental or natural drought (Ambrose, Sillett, & Dawson, ; Dayer et al, ; Egea et al, ; Prendin, Mayr, Beikircher, von Arx, & Petit, ; Yue et al, ). Some studies also report plastic responses in hydraulic traits to short‐term drought, related to both hydraulic safety and hydraulic efficiency (Awad, Barigah, Badel, Cochard, & Herbette, ; Beikircher & Mayr, ; Prendin et al, ; Tomasella et al, ). However, whether this plasticity can positively influence plant function (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amazonia trees have limited capacity to acclimate plant hydraulic properties in response to long‐term drought

Bittencourt

Oliveira

Costa

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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The fate of tropical forests under future climate change is dependent on the capacity of their trees to adjust to drier conditions. The capacity of trees to withstand drought is likely to be determined by traits associated with their hydraulic systems. However, data on whether tropical trees can adjust hydraulic traits when experiencing drought remain rare. We measured plant hydraulic traits (e.g. hydraulic conductivity and embolism resistance) and plant hydraulic system status (e.g. leaf water potential, native embolism and safety margin) on >150 trees from 12 genera (36 species) and spanning a stem size range from 14 to 68 cm diameter at breast height at the world's only longrunning tropical forest drought experiment. Hydraulic traits showed no adjustment following 15 years of experimentally imposed moisture deficit. This failure to adjust resulted in these drought-stressed trees experiencing significantly lower leaf water potentials, and higher, but variable, levels of native embolism in the branches. This result suggests that hydraulic damage caused by elevated levels of embolism is likely to be one of the key drivers of drought-induced mortality following long-term soil moisture deficit. We demonstrate that some hydraulic traits changed with tree size, however, the direction and magnitude of the change was controlled by taxonomic identity. Our results suggest that Amazonian trees, both small and large, have limited capacity to acclimate their hydraulic systems to future droughts, potentially making them more at risk of drought-induced mortality.

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Acclimation of branch and leaf hydraulics in adult Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies in a forest through-fall exclusion experiment

Cited by 45 publications

References 76 publications

A small‐scale MRI scanner and complementary imaging method to visualize and quantify xylem embolism formation

A small‐scale MRI scanner and complementary imaging method to visualize and quantify xylem embolism formation

Growth and mortality of Norway spruce and European beech in monospecific and mixed-species stands under natural episodic and experimentally extended drought. Results of the KROOF throughfall exclusion experiment

Amazonia trees have limited capacity to acclimate plant hydraulic properties in response to long‐term drought

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